APOTHERA
Primum Non Nocere

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Abdominoschisis

Omphalocele and Gastroschisis

Snyder CL. Current management of umbilical abnormalities and related anomalies. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16:41-49 Davis RP, Treadwell MC, Drongowski RA, et al. Risk stratification in gastroschisis: can prenatal evaluation or early postnatal factors predict outcome? Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 Apr;25(4):319-325

Absence Seizure

Petit Mal Seizure, Minor Seizure, Juvenile Absence Epilepsy (JAE), Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE)

Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr. 58 (4):522-530. Liu G, Slater N, Perkins A. Epilepsy: Treatment Options. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Jul 15;96(2):87-96. Blumenfeld H. From molecules to networks: cortical/subcortical interactions in the pathophysiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003. 44 Suppl 2:7-15.

Acanthosis Nigricans

Schwartz RA. Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul;31(1):1-19. Brickman WJ, Binns HJ, Jovanovic BD, et al. Acanthosis nigricans: a common finding in overweight youth. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007 Nov-Dec;24(6):601-6

Acetaminophen Poisoning

Paracetamol Poisoning, Tylenol Poisoning

CM Culley, EP Krenzelok. A clinical and pharmacoeconomic justification for intravenous acetylcysteine: a US perspective. Toxicol Rev. 2005;24(2):131–143. S Gosselin, DN Juurlink, JT Kielstein, et al; and the EXTRIP Workgroup. Extracorporeal treatment for acetaminophen poisoning: recommendations from the EXTRIP Workgroup. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014;52(8):856–867. MJ McPhail, H Farne, N Senvar, et al. Ability of King’s College Criteria and model for end-stage liver disease scores to predict mortality of patients with acute liver failure: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(4):516–525.

Achalasia

Park W, Vaezi MF. Etiology and pathogenesis of achalasia: the current understanding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun;100(6):1404-1414

Achlorhydria

Hypochlorhydria

Schubert ML, Peura DA. Control of gastric acid secretion in health and disease. Gastroenterology. 2008 Jun;134(7):1842-1860. El-Zimaity H. Gastritis and gastric atrophy. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov;24(6):682-686.

Acne Vulgaris

Acne

Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, et al. Management of acne: a report from a global alliance to improve outcomes in acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Jul;49(1 Suppl):S1-37

Acoustic Neuroma

Vestibular Schwannoma

Smouha EE, Yoo M, Mohr K, et al. Conservative management of acoustic neuroma: a meta-analysis and proposed treatment algorithm. Laryngoscope. 2005 Mar;115(3):450-454. Lin VY, Stewart C, Grebenyuk J, et al. Unilateral acoustic neuromas: long-term hearing results in patients managed with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, hearing preservation surgery, and expectantly. Laryngoscope. 2005 Feb;115(2):292-296.

Acquired Torticollis

Stacy M. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of cervical dystonia. Neurol Clin. 2008 May;26(suppl 1):23-42. Jankovic J, Leder S, Warner D, et al. Cervical dystonia: clinical findings and associated movement disorders. Neurology. 1991 Jul;41(7):1088-1091

Actinomycosis

Acevedo F, Baudrand R, Letelier LM, et al. Actinomycosis: a great pretender: case reports of unusual presentations and a review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul;12(4):358-362 Sudhakar SS, Ross JJ. Short-term treatment of actinomycosis: two cases and a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):444-447

Acute A-Fib with Left Atrial Thrombus

Acute AFib, Acute Atrial Fibrillation

January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2011;123:e269-e367.

Acute A-Fib without Left Atrial Thrombus, Asymptomatic

Acute AFib, Acute Atrial Fibrillation

January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2011;123:e269-e367.

Acute A-Fib without Left Atrial Thrombus, Onset: <48 hrs

Acute AFib, Acute Atrial Fibrillation

January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2011;123:e269-e367.

Acute A-Fib without Left Atrial Thrombus, Onset: ≥48 hrs

Acute AFib, Acute Atrial Fibrillation

January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2011;123:e269-e367.

Acute Ankylosing Spondylitis

Callhoff J, Sieper J, Weiss A, et al. Efficacy of TNFalpha blockers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1241-1248 Zeboulon N, Dougados M, Gossec L. Prevalence and characteristics of uveitis in spondylarthropathies: a systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jul;67(7):955-959 Rudwaleit M, Metter A, Listing J, et al. Inflammatory back pain in ankylosing spondylitis: a reassessment of the clinical history for application as classification and diagnostic criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Feb;54(2):569-578

Acute Appendicitis

Balthazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Siegel SE, Birnbaum BA. Appendicitis: prospective evaluation with high-resolution CT. Radiology. 1991. 180(1):21-24. Hernanz-Schulman M. CT and US in the diagnosis of appendicitis: an argument for CT. Radiology. 2010. 255(1):3-7. Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010. 50:133-164. Daskalakis K, Juhlin C, Påhlman L. The use of pre- or postoperative antibiotics in surgery for appendicitis: a systematic review. Scand J Surg. 2014 Mar. 103(1):14-20. Ein SH, Nasr A, Ein A. Open appendectomy for pediatric ruptured appendicitis: a historical clinical review of the prophylaxis of wound infection and postoperative intra-abdominal abscess. Can J Surg. 2013 Jun. 56(3):E7-E12.

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis (ABE)

Acute Endocarditis, Heart Valve Infections, IE, Infective Endocarditis

B Hoen, X Duval. Clinical practice. Infective endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(15):1425–1433. LM Baddour, AE Epstein, CC Erickson, et al; for American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(3):458–477. JG Byrne, K Rezai, JA Sanchez, et al. Surgical management of endocarditis: the society of thoracic surgeons clinical practice guideline. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;91(6):2012–2019.

Acute Bacterial Meningitis

A Zalmanovici Trestioreanu, A Fraser, A Gafter-Gvili, et al. Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD004785. L Smith. Management of bacterial meningitis: new guidelines from the IDSA. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(10):2003–2008. C Liu, A Bayer, SE Cosgrove, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(3):e18–e55. MC Brouwer, P McIntyre, K Prasad, et al. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9)

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

ABP

Yoon BI, Han DS, Ha US, et al. Clinical courses following acute bacterial prostatitis. Prostate Int 2013; 1:89. Brede CM, Shoskes DA. The etiology and management of acute prostatitis. Nat Rev Urol. 2011 Apr. 8(4):207-212. Krieger JN, Dobrindt U, Riley DE, Oswald E. Acute Escherichia coli prostatitis in previously health young men: bacterial virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and clinical outcomes. Urology. 2011 Jun. 77(6):1420-1425.

Acute Bronchitis

Tracheobronchitis, Bronchial Irritation, Chest Cold, Inflamed Bronchi, Tracheitis

RP Wenzel, AA Fowler. Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(20):2125–2130. RH Albert. Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(11):1345–1350. SS Braman. Chronic cough due to acute bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(Suppl 1):95S–103S.

Acute Central Diabetes Insipidus

Garrahy A, Moran C, Thompson CJ. Diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus in adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Jan;90(1):23-30 Knepper MA, Kwon TH, Nielsen S. Molecular physiology of water balance. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 2;372(14):1349-1358

Acute Cholangitis

Ascending Cholangitis, Acute Gallstone Cholangitis, Cholangitis, Suppurative Cholangitis, Charcot's Triad, Reynold's Pentad, Bile Duct Inflammation

Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, et al. TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2013 Jan;20(1):8-23. Gomi H, Solomkin JS, Schlossberg D, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):3-16. Qureshi WA. Approach to the patient who has suspected acute bacterial cholangitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;35(2):409-423.

Acute Cholecystitis

Gallbladder Infections, Hydrops Gallbladder Inflammation

Huffman JL, Schenker S. Acute acalculous cholecystitis: a review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan. 8(1):15-22. Lee SW, Yang SS, Chang CS, Yeh HJ. Impact of the Tokyo guidelines on the management of patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Dec. 24(12):1857-61.

Acute Coronary Syndromes: NSTEMI

NSTE-ACS, Unstable Angina NSTEMI

JL Anderson, CD Adams, EM Antman, et al; for American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(23):e663–e828. EJ Benjamin, MJ Blaha, SE Chiuve, et al; for American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146–e603. EA Amsterdam, NK Wenger, RG Brindis, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139–e228.

Acute Coronary Syndromes: STEMI

ACS STEMI

PT O’Gara, FG Kushner, DD Ascheim, et al; for CF/AHA Task Force. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(4):529–555. B Ibánez, S James, S Agewall, et al. 2017 ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2017;70(12):1082. GN Levine, ER Bates, JC Blankenship, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI focused update on primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an update of the 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(10):1235–1250.

Acute Cough

Acute Diarrhea

TD, Travelers Diarrhea

W Barr, A Smith. Acute diarrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(3):180–189. MS Riddle, BA Connor, NJ Beeching, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of travelers’ diarrhea: a graded expert panel report. J Travel Med. 2017;24(Suppl 1):S57–S74.

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

ADEM

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Acute Epididymitis

Nickel JC, Teichman JM, Gregoire M, et al. Prevalence, diagnosis, characterization, and treatment of prostatitis, interstitial cystitis, and epididymitis in outpatient urological practice: the Canadian PIE Study. Urology. 2005 Nov;66(5):935-940. Somekh E, Gorenstein A, Serour F. Acute epididymitis in boys: evidence of a post-infectious etiology. J Urol. 2004 Jan;171(1):391-394.

Acute Febrile Seizure

Acute Febrile Convulsion, Acute Fever Related Seizure

AA Kimia, RG Bachur, A Torres, et al. Febrile seizures: emergency medicine perspective. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015;27(3):292–297. A Gupta. Febrile seizures. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016;22(1):51–59.

Acute Focal Seizure

Focal Seizure in Short Intervals

Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61 Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-21.

Acute Gout

Acute Hyperuricemia

Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet. 2010;375:318-328. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1093-1103.

Acute Heart Failure

Acute Insomnia (Adults)

Acute Sleeplessness, Disorder of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep, DIMS, Acute Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorder

Brasure M, Fuchs E, MacDonald R, et al. Psychological and behavioral interventions for managing insomnia disorder: an evidence report for a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Jul 19;165(2):113-124 Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Brasure M, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of insomnia disorder: an evidence report for a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Jul 19;165(2):103-112.

Acute Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis

Maxwell LJ, Zochling J, Boonen A, et al. TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(4):CD005468 Kay J, Fleischmann R, Keystone E, et al. Golimumab 3-year safety update: an analysis of pooled data from the long-term extensions of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Mar;74(3):538-46

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute Liver Failure

Acute Hepatic Failure

Chung RT, Stravitz RT, Fontana RJ, et al. Pathogenesis of liver injury in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology. 2012 Sep;143(3):e1-7 Lee WM, Squires RH Jr, Nyberg SL, et al. Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2008 Apr;47(4):1401-1415 Roberts EA, Schilsky ML. American Association for Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD). Diagnosis and treatment of Wilson disease: an update. Hepatology. 2008 Jun;47(6):2089-2111

Acute Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenic Crisis Class IV and V

Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, Benatar M, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology. 2016 Jul 26;87(4):419-425 Jaretzki A 3rd, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, et al. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Jul;70(1):327-334

Acute Otitis Media (Pediatrics)

Ear Infection, OAM, Post-Intubation Otitis Media

Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2013 Mar;131(3):e964-999. Spiro DM, Tay KY, Arnold DH, et al. Wait-and-see prescription for the treatment of acute otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006 Sep 13;296(10):1235-1241.

Acute Pancreatitis

Kingsnorth A, O'Reilly D. Acute pancreatitis. BMJ. 2006 May 6;332(7549):1072-1076 Whitcomb DC. Clinical practice: acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2142-2150. Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-1415.

Acute Paronychia

Acute Bacterial Paronychia, Acute Herpetic Paronychia

Gerard E, Prevezas C, Doutre MS, et al. Risk factors, clinical variants and therapeutic outcome of retronychia: a retrospective study of 18 patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2016 Aug 1;26(4):377-381. - Goto H, Yoshikawa S, Mori K, et al. Effective treatments for paronychia caused by oncology pharmacotherapy. J Dermatol. 2016;43:670-673.

Acute Pharyngitis with Candida Infection

Tonsillitis

Glavey SV, Keane N, Power M, et al. Posterior pharyngeal candidiasis in the absence of clinically overt oral involvement: a cross-sectional study. Lung. 2013 Dec;191(6):663-668. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.

Acute Pharyngitis with Gonococcus or Chlamydia

Tonsillitis

Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137. Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 15;55(10):e86-102.

Acute Pharyngitis with Mononucleosis

Tonsillitis

De Paor M, O'Brien K, Fahey T, et al. Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 8;(12). American Academy of Pediatrics. Epstein-Barr virus infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, et al., eds. Red Book®: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015:336-340.

Acute Pharyngitis with Tularemia

Tonsillitis

Penn RL. Francisella tularensis. In: Mandell, GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 6th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2005:2674-2685.

Acute Retinal Necrosis

Schoenberger SD, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2017 Mar;124(3):382-392.

Acute Sinusitis

Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Apr;152(2 Suppl):S1-39.

Addison Disease

Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency, Hypoadrenalism

Reisch N, Arlt W. Fine tuning for quality of life: 21st century approach to treatment of Addison's disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2009 Jun. 38(2):407-448. Husebye E, Lovas K. Pathogenesis of primary adrenal insufficiency. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr. 23(2):147-157. Michels A, Michels N. Addison disease: early detection and treatment principles. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Apr 1;89(7):563-568.

Adenovirus Infection

Leruez-Ville M, Minard V, Lacaille F, et al. Real-time blood plasma polymerase chain reaction for management of disseminated adenovirus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:45.

Adrenal Suppression

Duclos M, Guinot M, Colsy M, et al. High risk of adrenal insufficiency after a single articular steroid injection in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Jul;39(7):1036-1043. Marik PE, Varon J. Requirement of perioperative stress doses of corticosteroids: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Surg. 2008;143:1222-1226.

Aeromonas Hydrophila Necrotizing Fasciitis

Sartelli M, Malangoni MA, May AK, et al. World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2014 Nov 18;9(1):57.

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Age Related Eye Disease, Age Related Vision Loss

MG Maguire, DF Martin, GS Ying, et al; for Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) Research Group. Five-year outcomes with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(8):1751–1761.

Air Embolism Barotrauma

Dysbarism, Scuba Diving, Scuba, Underwater Diving, Barotrauma, Diving Barotrauma

Farmer JC, Thomas WG, Youngblood DG, et al. Inner ear decompression sickness. Laryngoscope. 1976 Sep;86(9):1315-1327 Godden D, Currie G, Denison D, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines on respiratory aspects of fitness for diving. Thorax. 2003 Jan;58(1):3-13 Zadik Y. Dental barotrauma. Int J Prosthodont. 2009 Jul-Aug;22(4):354-357. United States Navy. U.S. Navy diving manual, revision 6 with Change A entered - Chapter 20: Diagnosis and treatment of decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism. Washington, DC: United States Navy; 2011

Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

DE Jonas, HR Amick, C Feltner, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Adults with Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 134. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2016. AHRQ Publication No. 14-EHC029-EF. CA Müller, O Geisel, R Banas, et al. Current pharmacological treatment approaches for alcohol dependence. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(4):471–481.

Alcohol Withdrawal

AWS, Alcohol Dependence With Withdrawal, Delirium Tremens, DTs, Withdrawal Syndromes

VA Moyer; for the Preventive Services Task Force. Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(3):210–218. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. L Amato, S Minozzi, S Vecchi, et al. Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(3):CD005063. MF Mayo-Smith, LH Beecher, TL Fischer, et al; for the Working Group on the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, Practice Guidelines Committee, American Society of Addiction Medicine. Management of alcohol withdrawal delirium. An evidence-based practice guideline. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(13):1405–1412.

Allergic Aspergillus Sinusitis

Mostafa Bel-D, Taha MS, Abdel Hamid T, Omran A, Lotfi N. Evaluation of vitamin D levels in allergic fungal sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016 Feb. 6 (2):185-190. McClay JE, Marple B, Kapadia L, et al. Clinical presentation of allergic fungal sinusitis in children. Laryngoscope. 2002 Mar. 112(3):565-569.

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

ABPA

Patterson. TF et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 63, Issue 4, 15 August 2016, Pages e1–e60 Becker JW, Burke W, McDonald G, et al. Prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and atopy in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest. 1996;109:1536-1540 Greenberger PA. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110:685-692

Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic Rhinitis, Hayfever, Allergic Shiner, Dennie's Lines, Allergic Salute

Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008. Allergy. 2008 Apr;63 Suppl 86:8-160. Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY; Guideline Otolaryngology Development Group. AAO-HNSF. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Feb;152(1 Suppl):S1-43

Alopecia Areata

Alopecia Totalis, Alopecia Universalis, Exclamation Point Hair

Hordinsky MK. Medical treatment of noncicatricial alopecia. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2006;25:51-55 Norris D. Alopecia areata: current state of knowledge. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51:S16-S17

Alport Syndrome

Tazon Vega B, Badenas C, Ars E, et al. Autosomal recessive Alport's syndrome and benign familial hematuria are collagen type IV diseases. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Nov;42(5):952-959. Kashtan CE. Renal transplantation in patients with Alport syndrome. Pediatr Transplant. 2006 Sep;10(6):651-657.

Altitude Illness

Acute Mountain Sickness, AMS, High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, HAPE

C Imray, A Booth, A Wright, et al. Acute altitude illnesses. BMJ. 2011;343:d4943. AM Luks, SE McIntosh, CK Grissom, et al. Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2014 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2014;25(Suppl 4):S4–S14. V Garlick, A O’Connor, CD Shubkin. High-altitude illness in the pediatric population: a review of the literature on prevention and treatment. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017;29(4):503–509.

Alzheimer Disease

JS Buckley, SR Salpeter. A risk-benefit assessment of dementia medications: systematic review of the evidence. Drugs Aging. 2015;32(6):453–467. CC Tan, JT Yu, HF Wang, et al. Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;41(2):615–631. KK Tsoi, JY Chan, NW Leung, et al. Combination therapy showed limited superiority over monotherapy for Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(9):863.e1–863.e8. GM McKhann, DS Knopman, H Chertkow, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263–269.

Amebiasis

Entamoeba Histolytica

R Haque, CD Huston, M Hughes Amebiasis. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1565–1573. JI, Ravdin WM. Stauffer Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, vol. 2. 6th ed., Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005:3097–3111.

Amphetamine Overdose

Richards JR, Albertson TE, Derlet RW, et al. Treatment of toxicity from amphetamines, related derivatives, and analogues: a systematic clinical review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;150:1-13. Carvalho M, Carmo H, Costa VM, et al. Toxicity of amphetamines: an update. Arch Toxicol. 2012;86:1167-1231.

Anaphylaxis

Lee, JKm Vadas P. Anaphylaxis: mechanisms and management. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 2011,41(7):923–938.

Androgenic Alopecia

Androgenetic Alopecia, Male-patterned Baldness

Gan DC, Sinclair RD. Prevalence of male and female pattern hair loss in Maryborough. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2005 Dec;10(3):184-189 Olsen EA, Messenger AG, Shapiro J, et al. Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Feb;52(2):301-311

Aneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta

AAA, Aortic Aneurysms, Abdominal Aneurysms, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Aortic Aneurysms

S Aggarwal, A Qamar, V Sharma, et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: a comprehensive review. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2011;16(1):11–15. R Erbel, V Aboyans, C Boileau, et al; for Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014;35(41):2873–2926. ML LeFevre; for U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(4):281–290.

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Angioedema

AE, Angioneurotic Edema, Allergic Angioedema, Quincke Edema

JA Bernstein, P Cremonesi, TK Hoffmann, et al. Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management. Int J Emerg Med. 2017;10(1):15. D LoVerde, DC Files, G Krishnaswamy. Angioedema. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(4):725–735.

Angular Cheilitis

Perleche, Angular Stomatitis, Lip Angular Cheilitis, Mouth Angular Cheilitis

Scully C, Bagan J-V, Eisen D, et al, eds. Angular cheilitis. Dermatology of the lips. Oxford, UK: Isis Medical; 2000:68-73. Skinner N, Junker JA, Flake D, et al. Clinical inquiries: what is angular cheilitis and how is it treated? J Fam Pract. 2005 May;54(5):470-471

Animal Bites

Dog Bite, Raccoon Bite, Bat Bite, Human Bite

Henton J, Jain A. Cochrane corner: antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites (intervention review). J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2012 Oct;37(8):804-806 Evgeniou E, Markeson D, Iyer S, et al. The management of animal bites in the United kingdom. Eplasty. 2013 Jun 10;13:e27. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Maxwell LJ, Zochling J, Boonen A, et al. TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(4):CD005468 Callhoff J, Sieper J, Weiss A, et al. Efficacy of TNFalpha blockers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1241-1248 Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jun;68(6):777-783

Anthrax

Bacillus Anthracis

Bush LM, Abrams BH, Beall A, et al. Index case of fatal inhalational anthrax due to bioterrorism in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1607-1610 Huang E, Pillai SK, Bower WA, et al. Antitoxin treatment of inhalation anthrax: a systematic review. Health Secur. 2015;13:365-377

Antibiotic Susceptibilities in ICU

Antibiotic Susceptibilities in Intensive Care Unit

Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Lupus Anticoagulant Disorder

Pengo V, Tripodi A, Reber G, et al. Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection. J Thromb Haemost. 2009 Oct;7(10):1737-1740 Rand JH, Wu XX, Lapinski R, et al. Detection of antibody-mediated reduction of annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in plasmas of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood. 2004 Nov 1;104(9):2783-2790

Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents Perioperative Guidelines

Aplastic Anemia

Refractory Anemia, Toxic Paralytic Anemia

RA Brodsky, RJ Jones. Aplastic anaemia. Lancet. 2005;365(9471):1647–1656.

Ascariasis

Dold C, Holland CV. Ascaris and ascariasis. Microbes Infect. 2011 Jul. 13(7):632-637. Khuroo MS. Ascariasis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1996 Sep. 25(3):553-577.

Ascites

Gines P, Cardenas A. The management of ascites and hyponatremia in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis. 2008 Feb. 28(1):43-58. Runyon BA, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis Pericleous M, et al. The clinical management of abdominal ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: a review of current guidelines and recommendations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar. 28(3):e10-8.

Aseptic Bursitis

Non-septic Bursitis

Alvarez-Nemegyei J. Risk factors for pes anserinus tendinitis/bursitis syndrome: a case control study. J Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Apr;13(2):63-65 Silva F, Adams T, Feinstein J, et al. Trochanteric bursitis: refuting the myth of inflammation. J Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Apr;14(2):82-86

Aspergilloma

Patterson TF, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 63, Issue 4, 15 August 2016, Pages e1–e60.

Aspergillus Meningitis

Fungal Meningitis

Antinori S, Corbellino M, Meroni L, et al. Aspergillus meningitis: a rare clinical manifestation of central nervous system aspergillosis - case report and review of 92 cases. J Infect. 2013 Mar;66(3):218-238.

Aspiration Pneumonia

Lomotan JR, et al. Aspiration pneumonia. Strategies for early recognition and prevention. Postgrad Med. 1997 Aug;102(2):225-6, 229-231. Marik PE. Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011;17:148-154

Asthma

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health; 2007. AR Martineau, CJ Cates, M Urashima, et al. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(9)

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

LE Nicolle, S Bradley, R Colgan, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(5):643–654. AJ Zolotor, MC Carlough. Update on prenatal care. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(3):199–208. LE Nicolle. Asymptomatic bacteriuria. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014;27(1):90–96. L Mody, M Juthani-Mehta. Urinary tract infections in older women: a clinical review. JAMA. 2014;311(8):844–854. BW Trautner, L Grigoryan. Approach to a positive urine culture in a patient without urinary symptoms. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014;28(1):15–31. GM Keating. Fosfomycin trometamol: a review of its use as a single-dose oral treatment for patients with acute lower urinary tract infections and pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Drugs. 2013;73(17):1951–1966.

Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS)

Parikh SA, Shishehbor MH, Gray BH, et al. SCAI expert consensus statement for renal artery stenting appropriate use. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84:1163-1171 Gornik HL, Persu A, Adlam D, et al. First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia. Vasc Med. 2019 Jan 16;24(2):164-189

Atrial Flutter

Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:e27-e115. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76.

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)

Loirat C, Fakhouri F, Ariceta G, et al; HUS International. An international consensus approach to the management of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Jan;31(1):15-39. Rathbone J, Kaltenthaler E, Richards A, et al. A systematic review of eculizumab for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). BMJ Open. 2013 Nov 4;3(11):e003573

Autoimmune Encephalitis

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH)

Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis. 2009;29:273-285. Czaja AJ. Current and prospective pharmacotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15:1715-1736. Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2010;51:2193-2213

Avian Influenza

Bird Flu, H5N1

Tanner WD, Toth DJ, Gundlapalli AV. The pandemic potential of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus: a review. Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Dec. 143 (16):3359-3374 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key Facts About Seasonal Influenza (Flu). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm.

Babesiosis

Vannier EG, Diuk-Wasser MA, Ben Mamoun C, Krause PJ. Babesiosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015 Jun.29(2):357-370. Vannier E, Gewurz BE, Krause PJ. Human babesiosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008 Sep. 22(3):469-488.

Bacillus sp

Spore-forming Gram Positive Rods, Bacillus Cereus, Bacillus Subtilis

Luna VA, King DS, Gulledge J, Cannons AC, Amuso PT, Cattani J. Susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus thuringiensis to 24 antimicrobials using Sensititre automated microbroth dilution and Etest agar gradient diffusion methods. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007. Sep;60(3):555-567.

Bacterial Brain Abscess

Brouwer MC1, Tunkel AR, et al. Brain Abscess. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 31;371(5):447-456.

Bacterial Encephalitis

Syphilis Encephalitis, Listeria Encephalitis, Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Encephalitis, Rocky Mountain spotted Fever Encephalitis

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Bacterial Keratitis

Cohen EJ. The case against the use of steroids in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127:103. Liesegang TJ. Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: Part I: Epidemiology. Cornea 1997;16:125. Collier SA, Gronostaj MP, MacGurn AK, et al. Estimated burden of keratitis--United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:1027.

Bacterial Labyrinthitis

Bacterial Inner Ear Inflammation

Aminpour S, Tinling SP, Brodie HA. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sensorineural hearing loss after bacterial meningitis. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:602-609. Lindeman RC. Acute labyrinthine disorders. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1979;12:375-387.

Bacterial Meningitis (Pediatrics)

Bacterial Pericarditis

Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and treatment of pericarditis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015 Oct 13. 314 (14):1498-506. Lorell BH. Pericardial diseases. Braunwald E, ed. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5th. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1997. 1478-534.

Bacterial Vaginosis

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htm

Bacteroides Fragilis

Schuetz AN. Antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Review article Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 1;59(5):698-705.

Balanitis

Lisboa C, Ferreira A, Resende C, Rodrigues AG. Infectious balanoposthitis: management, clinical and laboratory features. Int J Dermatol. 2009 Feb. 48(2):121-124. Dayal S, Sahu P. Zoon balanitis: A comprehensive review. Indian J Sex Transm Dis. 2016 Jul-Dec. 37 (2):129-138

Barrett Esophagus (BE)

Barrett's Metaplasia

SJ Spechler, P Sharma, RF Souza, et al; for American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2011;150(3):1084–1091. NJ Shaheen, GW Falk, PG Iyer, et al. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(1):30–51.

Bartholin's Gland Abscess

Krissi H, Shmuely A, Aviram A, From A, Edward R, Peled Y. Acute Bartholin's abscess: microbial spectrum, patient characteristics, clinical manifestation, and surgical outcomes. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 Mar. 35 (3):443-446. Lee MY, Dalpiaz A, Schwamb R, Miao Y, Waltzer W, Khan A. Clinical Pathology of Bartholin's Glands: A Review of the Literature. Curr Urol. 2015 May. 8 (1):22-25

Bartonella Infection

Bartonella Endocarditis, Bacillary Angiomatosis, Peliosis Hepatis, Hepatosplenic Microabscesses

Prutsky G, Domecq JP, Mori L, et al. Treatment outcomes of human bartonellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17:e811-e819 Florin TA, Zaoutis TE, Zaoutis LB. Beyond cat scratch disease: widening spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1413-e1425 Rolain JM, Brouqui P, Koehler JE, et al. Recommendations for treatment of human infections caused by Bartonella species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:1921-1933

Behcet's Syndrome

Behcet's Disease

Yazici H, Fresko I, Yurdakul S. Behcet's syndrome: disease manifestations, management, and advances in treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Mar;3(3):148-155. International Study Group for Behcet's Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet's disease. Lancet. 1990;335:1078-1080.

Bell Palsy

Facial Droop, Facial Paralysis

JR de Almeida, GH Guyatt, S Sud, et al. Management of Bell palsy: clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2014;186(12):917–922. RA Salinas, G Alvarez, F Daly, et al. Corticosteroids for Bell’s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(3):CD001942. Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(Suppl 3):S1–S27.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Parnes LS, Agrawal SK, Atlas J. Diagnosis and management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). CMAJ. 2003 Sep 30;169(7):681-693. Lempert T, von Brevern M. Episodic vertigo. Curr Opin Neurol. 2005 Feb;18(1):5-9.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

BPH

American Urological Association. American Urological Association guideline: management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). http://www.auanet.org JL Edwards. Diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77(10):1403–1410.

Benzodiazepine Overdose

Anxiolytic Overdose

Soyka M. Treatment of Benzodiazepine Dependence. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 23. 376 (12):1147-1157. Hojer J, Baehrendtz S. The effect of flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) in the management of self-induced benzodiazepine poisoning. A double-blind controlled study. Acta Med Scand. 1988;224(4):357-65.

Beta-Blocker Toxicity

Beta-Blocker Overdose

Wax PM, Erdman AR, Chyka PA, et al. beta-blocker ingestion: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005. 43(3):131-146 Brubacher JR. Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists. In: Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR, eds. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015

Biliary Atresia

Bezerra JA, Spino C, Magee JC, et al. Use of corticosteroids after hepatoportoenterostomy for bile drainage in infants with biliary atresia: the START randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311:1750-1759.

Bipolar I Disorder

Manic Depression, Bipolar Affective Disorder, BP-1,BP-I

American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(Suppl 4):1–50. RW Licht. A new BALANCE in bipolar I disorder. Lancet. 2010;375(9712):350–352

Bipolar II Disorder

Bipolar Affective Disorder, Bipolar II Mood Disorder

American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(4 Suppl):1–50. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

Blastomycosis

Castillo CG, Kauffman CA, Miceli MH. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016 Mar;30(1):247-264. Bradsher RW, et al. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003 Mar;17(1):21-40.

Blastomycosis Meningitis

Fungal meningitis

Castillo CG, Kauffman CA, Miceli MH. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016 Mar;30(1):247-264. Bradsher RW, Chapman SW, Pappas PG. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2003 Mar;17(1):21-40

Blepharitis

Chronic Blepharitis, Granulated Eyelids

Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK. Interventions for chronic blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;5:CD0056

Blood Gas Analysis

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Borderline PD, Personality Disorders

F Leichsenring, E Leibing, J Kruse, et al. Borderline personality disorder. Lancet. 2011;377(9759):74–84. JM Stoffers, K Lieb. Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder—current evidence and recent trends. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(1):534.

Breast and Herniorrhaphy Surgical Prophylaxis

Herniorrhaphy and Hernioplasty Surgical Prophylaxis

Bratzler DW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Feb 1;70(3):195-283.

Bronchiolitis (Pediatrics)

Brucellosis

Brucella Abortus, Brucella Suis, Brucella Melitensis, Brucella Canis, Undulant Fever

Franco MP, Mulder M, Gilman RH, et al. Human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Dec;7(12):775-786. Skalsky K, Yahav D, Bishara J, et al. Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2008 Mar 29;336(7646):701-704.

Bruxism

Teeth Grinding, Awake Bruxism, Sleep Bruxism

Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, et al. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: a systematic review of the literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013;27:99-110. Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, et al. Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:476-494.

Bubonic Plague

Inglesby TV, et al. Safety precautions to limit exposure from plague-infected patients. JAMA. 2000 Oct 4;284(13):1648-1649.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

DeLeve LD, Valla DC, Garcia-Tsao G; American Association for the Study Liver Diseases. Vascular disorders of the liver. Hepatology. 2009;49:1729-1764 Valla DC. The diagnosis and management of the Budd-Chiari syndrome: consensus and controversies. Hepatology. 2003;38:793-803 Menon KV, Shah V, Kamath PS. The Budd-Chiari syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:578-585

Buerger Disease

Thromboangiitis Obliterans,

Ohta T, Ishioashi H, Hosaka M, et al. Clinical and social consequences of Buerger disease. J Vasc Surg. 2004 Jan;39(1):176-180 Mills JL, Porter JM. Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans). Ann Vasc Surg. 1991 Nov;5(6):570-572

Bulimia Nervosa

PP Hay, J Bacaltchuk, S Stefano, et al. Psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa and binging. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD000562. JR Shapiro, ND Berkman, KA Brownley, et al. Bulimia nervosa treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40(4):321–336. Z Cooper, C Fairburn. Cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. In: Grilo C, Mitchell J, eds. The Treatment of Eating Disorders. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2010:243–270.

Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity

Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose, CCB Overdose, CCB Toxicity

Arroyo AM, Kao LW. Calcium channel blocker toxicity. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009 Aug. 25(8):532-8; quiz 539-540 Ramoska EA, Spiller HA, Winter M, Borys D. A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses: toxicity and treatment. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Feb. 22(2):196-200.

Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition

Pseudogout

Rosenthal AK, Ryan LM. Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 30;374(26):2575-2584 McCarthy GM, Dunne A. Calcium crystal deposition diseases - beyond gout. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;14(10):592-602

Campylobacter Infection

Gastroenteritis

Blaser MJ. Infections due to Campylobacter and related species. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2008:965-967 World Health Organization. Campylobacter fact sheet. 2018

Candidal Endocarditis

Fungal Endocarditis

Tacke D, et al. Fungal endocarditis. Review article. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013 Dec;26(6):501-507.

Candidal Endophthalmitis

Candidal Chorioretinitis, Fungal Endophthalmitis

Shah CP, et al. Ocular candidiasis: a review. Review article. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;92(4):466-468.

Candidal Meningitis

Fungal Meningitis

Fernandez M, Moylett EH, Noyola DE, et al. Candidal meningitis in neonates: a 10-year review. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):458-463. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.

Candidal Vaginitis

Fungal Vaginitis

Denning, DW et al. Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Aug 2. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016 Nov;42(6):905-927. Sobel JD Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214: 15-21.

Cardiac Arrest (CATH Lab)

Cardiac Arrest in the Cardiac Catheter Laboratory

Cardiac Surgery Recovery Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass or Off-pump

Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS)

Cardiovascular Surgical Prophylaxis

Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Bratzler DW, et al. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013 Feb 1;70(3):195-283. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery. Treat Guide Med Lett. 2004 Apr;2(20):27-32.

Cat Scratch Disease (CSD)

Cat Scratch Fever (CSF), Benign Inoculation Lymphoreticulosis, Lymphadenitis

Angelakis, E. Raoult D.,Pathogenicity and Treatment of Bartonella Infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Jul;44(1):16-25 Klotz SA, Ianas V, Elliott SP. Cat-scratch Disease. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Jan 15;83(2):152-155.

Cavernous Sinus Suppurative (Septic) Thrombophlebitis

Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:1. Cox ER, Amoroso A, Gilliam BL. Pannus attack: septic thrombophlebitis. Am J Med 2012; 125:1175.

Celiac Disease

Celiac Sprue, Gluten Enteropathy

A Rubio-Tapia, ID Hill, CP Kelly, et al; for American College of Gastroenterology. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):656–676. S Husby, S Koletzko, IR Korponay-Szabó, et al; for ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee, European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(1):136–160.

Cellulitis

G Phoenix, S Das, M Joshi. Diagnosis and management of cellulitis. BMJ. 2012;345:e4955. A Raff, D Kroshinsky. Cellulitis: a review. JAMA. 2016;316(3):325–337.

Cerebral Palsy

CP

TM O’Shea. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cerebral palsy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;51(4):816–828. MR Delgado, D Hirtz, M Aisen, et al; and the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2010;74(4):336–343.

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in HIV-AIDS

Anuradha B. Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection: An overview. Trop Parasitol. 2016 Jul-Dec; 6(2):129–135.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Acute Stroke, Cerebral Infarct

EC Jauch, JL Saver, HP Adams, et al; and American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, Council on Clinical Cardiology. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013;44(3):870–947. CP Derdeyn, JP Broderick, K Furie. American Stroke Association Stroke Council Update. Stroke. 2017;48(4):e108–e109.

Cervicitis

Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137 Boyer CB, Shafer MB, Pollack LM, et al. Sociodemographic markers and behavioral correlates of STIs in a nonclinical sample of adolescent and young adult women. J Infect Dis. 2006 Aug 1;194(3):307-315 Marrazzo JM, Weisenfeld HC, Murray PJ, et al. Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 1;193(5):617-624 Scholes D, Grothaus L, McClure J, et al. A randomized trial of strategies to increase Chlamydia screening in young women. Prev Med. 2006 Oct;43(4):343-350

Chagas Disease

American Trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma Cruzi, Rowana's Sign

Pérez-Molina JA, Molina I. Chagas disease. Lancet. 2018 Jan 6;391(10115):82-94 Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Marcondes de Rezende J. American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Jun;26(2):275-291. Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, et al. Evaluation and treatment of Chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007 Nov 14;298(18):2171-2181. Meymandi S, Hernandez S, Park S, et al. Treatment of Chagas disease in the United States. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 26;10(3):373-388.

Chancroid

Genital Ulcer

Gonzalez-Beiras C, Marks M, Chen CY, Roberts S, Mitja O. Epidemiology of Haemophilus ducreyi Infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jan. 22 (1):1-8. Bauer ME, Townsend CA, Doster RS, Fortney KR, Zwickl BW, Katz BP, et al. A fibrinogen-binding lipoprotein contributes to the virulence of Haemophilus ducreyi in humans. J Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 1. 199(5):684-692.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Saporta AS, Sottile SL, Miller LJ, et al. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtypes and genetic testing strategies. Ann Neurol. 2011 Jan;69(1):22-23 Shy M, Lupski JR, Chance PF, et al. The hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies: an overview of the clinical, genetic, electrophysiologic and pathologic features. In: Dyck PJ, ed. Peripheral neuropathy. Vol 2. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2005:1623-1658

Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia Prophylaxis

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections. NCCN. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/infections.pdf.

Chikungunya Virus

Burt FJ, Chen W, Miner JJ, et al. Chikungunya virus: an update on the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Apr;17(4):e107-17 Brito CA, Sohsten AK, Leitão CC, et al. Pharmacologic management of pain in patients with chikungunya: a guideline. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2016 Nov-Dec;49(6):668-679 Burt FJ, Rolph MS, Rulli NE, et al. Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. Lancet. 2012 Feb 18;379(9816):662-71

Chlamydia Infection

Genital Tract Chlamydia Infection

K Lievesley, KA Rimes, T Chalder. A review of the predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors in chronic fatigue syndrome in children and adolescents. Clin Psychol Rev. 2014;34(3):233–248. FH Duffy, GB McAnulty, MC McCreary, et al. EEG spectral coherence data distinguish chronic fatigue syndrome patients from healthy controls and depressed patients—a case control study. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:82.

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LV), Chlamydial Urethritis, Chlamydial Cervicitis, Chlamydial Vulvovaginitis, Chlamydial Proctitis

Annamuthodo H. Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum in Jamaica. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1961 Sep;29:141-159 Batteiger BE, Tam M. Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma, genital infections, perinatal infections, and lymphogranuloma venereum). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 8th ed., vol. 2. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2015:2154-2170;e6 Stamm WE. Lymphogranuloma venereum. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Stamm WE, et al., eds. Sexually transmitted diseases. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2007:595-606

Chlamydial Conjunctivitis

Trachoma, Cicatricial Trachoma

Dawson CR, Schachter J, Sallam S, et al. A comparison of oral azithromycin with topical oxytetracycline/polymyxin for the treatment of trachoma in children. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Mar;24(3):363-368 Bowman RJ, Faal H, Myatt M, et al. Longitudinal study of trachomatous trichiasis in the Gambia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Mar;86(3):339-343.

Chlamydophila Pneumonia

Chlamydia Pneumonia

Kumar S, et al. Acute respiratory infection due to Chlamydia pneumoniae: current status of diagnostic methods. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 15;44(4):568-576. Kohlhoff SA, Hammerschlag MR. Treatment of chlamydial infections: 2014 update. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 Feb;16(2):205-212.

Cholelithiasis

Gallstones

European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). EASL clinical practice guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J Hepatol. 2016 Jul;65(1):146-181. Williams CI, Shaffer EA. Gallstone disease: current therapeutic practice. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;11(2):71-77.

Chorioamnionitis

Intra-Amniotic Infection, Intrauterine Inflammation or Infection, Triple I

Higgins RD, Saade G, Polin RA, et al, for the Chorioamnionitis Workshop Participants. Evaluation and management of women and newborns with a maternal diagnosis of chorioamnionitis: summary of a workshop. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar. 127(3):426-36. Snyder M, Crawford P, Jamieson B, Neher JO. Clinical inquiries. What treatment approach to intrapartum maternal fever has the best fetal outcomes?. J Fam Pract. 2007 May. 56(5):401-2.

Chronic A-Fib without Heart Disease, Hypertension without LVH

Chronic AFib, Chronic Atrial Fibrillation without Heart Disease, Hypertension without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2011 Mar 15;123(10):e269-367. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 2;64(21):e1-76.

Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

CBP

Bowen DK, Dielubanza E, Schaeffer AJ. Chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015 Aug 27. 2015:1690-1698. Nickel CJ. Inflammatory and Pain conditions of the Male Genitourinary Tract: Prostatitis and Related Pain Conditions, Orchitis, and Epididymitis. Campbell-Walsh Urology.

Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Patterson TF, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 63, Issue 4, 15 August 2016,e1–e60.

Chronic Central Diabetes Insipidus

Garrahy A, Moran C, Thompson CJ. Diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus in adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Jan;90(1):23-30 Knepper MA, Kwon TH, Nielsen S. Molecular physiology of water balance. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 2;372(14):1349-1358

Chronic Disease Anemia

ACD

N Gangat, AP Wolanskyj. Anemia of chronic disease. Semin Hematol. 2013;50(3):232–238. DW Thomas, RF Hinchliffe, C Briggs, et al; for British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of functional iron deficiency. Br J Haematol. 2013;161(5):639–648.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

Rosenzweig SD, Uzel G, Holland SM. Phagocyte disorders. In: Stiehm ER, Ochs HD, Winkelstein JA, eds. Immunologic disorders in infants and children. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2004:618-651.

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)

van Schaik IN, Winer JB, de Haan R, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2002 Dec;1(8):491-498 Said G. Chronic inflammatory demyelinative polyneuropathy. J Neurol. 2002 Mar;249(3):245-453.

Chronic Insomnia (Adults)

Chronic Sleeplessness, Disorder of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep, DIMS, Chronic Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorder

Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, et al. Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Jul 19;165(2):125-133 Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307-349

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Ford ES, Croft JB, Mannino DM, et al. COPD surveillance - United States, 1999-2011. Chest. 2013 Jul;144(1):284-305 Celli BR, MacNee W, Agusti A, et al; ATS/ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J. 2004 Jun;23(6):932-946

Chronic Pain

Primary & Secondary Chronic Pain, Back Pain

Chronic Paronychia

Daniel CR 3rd. Simple chronic paronychia. In: Scher RK, Daniel CR 3rd, eds. Nails: diagnosis, therapy, surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2005:99-103. Daniel CR 3rd, Daniel MP, Daniel J, et al. Managing simple chronic paronychia and onycholysis with ciclopirox 0.77% and an irritant-avoidance regimen. Cutis. 2004 Jan;73(1):81-85. Daniel CR 3rd, Daniel MP, Daniel CM, et al. Chronic paronychia and onycholysis: a thirteen-year experience. Cutis. 1996 Dec;58(6):397-401

Chronic Sinusitis

Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Lanza DC, Kennedy DW. Adult rhinosinusitis defined. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997 Sep;117(3 Pt 2):S1-7. Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Apr;152(2 Suppl):S1-S39.

Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS)

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Allergic Granulomatosis

Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jan;65(1):1-11. Yates M, Watts RA, Bajema IM, et al. EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1583-1594. Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-2309.

Circulatory Shock

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Hepatic Cirrhosis, Alcoholic Cirrhosis of Liver, Liver Failure, Posthepatitic cirrhosis

R Chou, N Wasson. Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):807–820. CL Hart, DS Morrison, GD Batty, et al. Effect of body mass index and alcohol consumption on liver disease: analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2010;340:c1240. G Garcia-Tsao, AJ Sanyal, ND Grace, et al. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46(3):922–938.

Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy

Clostridium Difficile-Associated Disease (CDAD)

C. Difficile Infection, CDAD, CDI, Pseudomembranous Colitis, Antibiotic-Associated Colitis

DL McCollum, JM Rodriguez. Detection, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(6):581–592. BC Johnston, SS Ma, JZ Goldenberg, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(12):878–888. Z Kassam, CH Lee, Y Yuan, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):500–508.

Cocaine Overdose

Cocaine Toxicity, Crack Toxicity

Lai MW, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, et al. 2005 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' national poisoning and exposure database. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(6-7):803-932.

Coccidioidal Meningitis

Fungal Meningitis

Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42(1):103-107. Saubolle MA, McKellar PP, Sussland D. Epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic aspects of coccidioidomycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jan;45(1):26-30.

Colorectal Surgical Prophylaxis

Bratzler DW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Feb 1;70(3):195-283.

Community Acquired Pneumonia

CAP

Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-e67. Wunderink RG, Waterer G. Advances in the causes and management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. BMJ. 2017 Jul 10;358:j2471

Community Acquired Pneumonia (Pediatrics)

CAP

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (Pediatrics)

CPAP

Coronavirus Disease 2019

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus SARS CoV-2, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Apr;5(4):536-544. WHO: coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emergency dashboard WHO: coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports CDC: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - cases in the US CDC: COVIDView

Corynebacterium Jeikeium

Mookadam F, et al. Corynebacterium jeikeium endocarditis: a systematic overview spanning four decades. Review article. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Jun;25(6):349-353. Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT. In vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, quinupristin- dalfopristin, linezolid, and five other antimicrobials against 307 gram-positive anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):337-341.

Corynebacterium Urealyticum

Urinary tract infection due to Corynebacterium urealyticum in kidney transplant recipients: an underdiagnosed etiology for obstructive uropathy and graft dysfunction-results of a prospective cohort study. López-Medrano F1, García-Bravo M, Morales JM, Andrés A, San Juan R, Lizasoain M, Aguado JM. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 15;46(6):825-830

Costochondritis

Costosternal Syndrome, Parasternal Chondrodynia, Anterior Chest Wall Syndrome

Proulx AM, Zryd TW. Costochondritis: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Sep 15;80(6):617-620 Disla E, Rhim HR, Reddy A, et al. Costochondritis. A prospective analysis in an emergency department setting. Arch Intern Med. 1994 Nov 14;154(21):2466-2469 Freeston J, Karim Z, Lindsay K, et al. Can early diagnosis and management of costochondritis reduce acute chest pain admissions. J Rheumatol. 2004 Nov;3(11):2269-2271

Coxsackieviruses

Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Stewart CL, Chu EY, Introcaso CE, Schaffer A, James WD. Coxsackievirus A6-induced hand-foot-mouth disease. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Dec. 149(12):1419-1421 Schiff GM, Sherwood JR. Clinical activity of pleconaril in an experimentally induced coxsackievirus A21 respiratory infection. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jan. 181(1):20-26 Brunetti L, DeSantis ER. Treatment of viral myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Jan 15. 65(2):132-137.

Craniofacial Hyperhidrosis

Excessive Sweating, Generalized Sweating, Facial Sweating

Reisfeld R, Berliner KI. Evidence-based review of the nonsurgical management of hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):157-66 Baumgartner FJ. Surgical approaches and techniques in the management of severe hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):167-168

Crohn Disease

IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Regional Enteritis, Regional Ileitis

DC Baumgart, WJ Sandborn. Crohn’s disease. Lancet. 2012;380(9853):1590–1605. NJ Talley, MT Abreu, JP Achkar, et al. An evidence-based systematic review on medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(Suppl 1):S2–S26. N Vande Casteele, BG Feagan, A Gils, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease: current state and future perspectives. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16(4):378.

Cryptococcal Meningitis

CNS Cryptococcosis in HIV, Fungal Meningitis

Roy M, Chiller T. Preventing deaths from cryptococcal meningitis: from bench to bedside. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011 Sep. 9(9):715-717. Perfect JR et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1. 50(3):291-322.

Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidium Parvum, Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium Hominis, Cryptosporidia

Hunter PR, Nichols G. Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Jan;15(1):145-154 Rossignol JF, Ayoub A, Ayers MS. Treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of nitazoxanide. J Infect Dis. 2001 Jul 1;184(1):103-106

Cyclosporiasis

Ortega YR, Sanchez R. Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis, a food-borne and waterborne parasite. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010 Jan;23(1):218-234.

Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)

Frey NV, Porter DL. Cytokine release syndrome with novel therapeutics for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2016; 2016:567. Frey N, Porter D. Cytokine Release Syndrome with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:e123.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

de Jong MD, et al. Summary of the II International Symposium on Cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res. 1998 Oct;39(3):141-162.

Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis

CMV Encephalitis

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Dacryocystitis

Pinar-Sueiro S, et al. Dacryocystitis: Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Therapy. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Jan 29.

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis (DVT)

LB Baumann Kreuziger, J Jaffray, M Carrier. Epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of catheter-related thrombosis in children and adults. Thromb Res. 2017;157:64–71. A Holbrook, S Schulman, DM Witt, et al. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(Suppl 2):e152S–e184S.

Delirium

Altered Mental Status, Organic Brain Syndrome, Acute Brain Syndrome, Acute Confusional State

National Clinical Guideline Centre. Delirium: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management. London, United Kingdom: National Clinical Guideline Centre; 2010. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. MM Van Eijk, RJ van Marum, IA Klijn, et al. Comparison of delirium assessment tools in a mixed intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(6):1881–1885.

Dengue Fever

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

Simmons CP, Farrar JJ, Nguyen VV, et al. Dengue. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 12;366(15):1423-1432. Trunfio M, Savoldi A, Viganò O, et al. Bacterial coinfections in dengue virus disease: what we know and what is still obscure about an emerging concern. Infection. 2017 Feb;45(1):1-10.

Dental Procedures Endocarditis Prevention

Wilson W, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007 Oct 9;116(15):1736-1754.

Dependence or Withdrawal Symptoms (DWS)

Medicines Associated with Dependence or Withdrawal Symptoms

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

IDDM, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile Diabetes

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016: summary of revisions. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(Suppl 1):S4–S104. MA Atkinson, GS Eisenbarth, AW Michels. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2014;383(9911):69–82.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Type II, DM, Insulin-Resistant Diabetes, NIDDM, Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2017. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(Suppl 1):S1–S135. AF Shaughnessy, DR Erlich, DC Slawson, et al. Type 2 diabetes: updated evidence requires updated decision making. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(1):22. R Boussageon, T Bejan-Angoulvant, M Saadatian-Elahi, et al. Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d4169.

Diabetic Foot Infection

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

DKA

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(Suppl 1):S11–S66. MS Agus, JI Wolfsdorf. Diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52(4):1147–1163. HR Chua, A Schneider, R Bellomo. Bicarbonate in diabetic ketoacidosis—a systematic review. Ann Intensive Care. 2011;1(1):23.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Pediatrics)

DKA

Diabetic Polyneuropathy

ML Griebeler, OL Morey-Vargas, JP Brito, et al. Pharmacologic interventions for painful diabetic neuropathy: an umbrella systematic review and comparative effectiveness network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(9):639–649. V Bril, J England, GM Franklin, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2011;76(20):1758–1765. D Ziegler, V Fonseca. From guideline to patient: a review of the recent recommendations for pharmacotherapy of painful diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications. 2015;29(1):146–156.

Digoxin Toxicity

Digitalis Toxicity

Thacker D, Sharma J. Digoxin toxicity. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007 Apr. 46(3):276-279. Smith TW, Haber E, Yeatman L, et al. Reversal of advanced digoxin intoxication with Fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies. N Engl J Med. 1976 Apr 8;294(15):797-800.

Diphtheriae

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Mandell, Bennett, Dolin. Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 2005. 2457-2464. Chen RT, Broome CV, Weinstein RA. Diphtheria in the United States, 1971-81. Am J Public Health. 1985 Dec. 75(12):1393-1397.

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE), Cutaneous Lupus (CL), Subacute Cutaneous Lupus, Acute Cutaneous Lupus

Patel P, Werth V. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a review. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:378-385 Tebbe B. Clinical course and prognosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22:121-124

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Hyperbilirubinemia, Excessive Bilirubin

Haimi-Cohen Y, Merlob P, Marcus-Eidlits T, et al. Dubin-Johnson syndrome as a cause of neonatal jaundice: the importance of coproporphyrins investigation. Clin Pediatr (Phil). 1998 Aug;37(8):511-513 Dubin IN, Johnson FB. Chronic idiopathic jaundice with unidentified pigment in the liver cells: a new clinicopathologic entity with report of 12 cases. Medicine. 1954 Sep;33(3):155-97.

Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual Cramps

GA Eby. Zinc treatment prevents dysmenorrhea. Med Hypotheses.2007;69(2):297–301. SO Hansen, UB Knudsen. Endometriosis, dysmenorrhoea and diet. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;169(2):162–171.

Dyspepsia

Heartburn, Indigestion, Reflux, Regurgitation, Upset Stomach

V Stanghellini, FK Chan, WL Hasler, et al. Gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1380–1392. NJ Talley, AC Ford. Functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1853–1863.

Dystonias

Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):863-873. Tarsy D, Simon DK. Dystonia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 24;355(8):818829

Eating Disorders

Ebola Virus Infection

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Filovirus

Lamontagne F, Fowler RA, Adhikari NK, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for supportive care of patients with Ebola virus disease. Lancet. 2018 Feb 17;391(10121):700-708. WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa: the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1481-1495 Feldmann H, Geisbert TW. Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 2011 Mar 5;377(9768):849-862.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Cervical Pregnancy, Extrauterine Pregnancy, Intraligamentary Pregnancy, Tubal Pregnancy

Elson CJ, Salim R, Potdar N, et al; for Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy: Green-top Guideline No. 21. BJOG. 2016;123(13):e15–e55. Mergenthal MC, Senapati S, Zee J, et al. Medical management of ectopic pregnancy with single-dose and 2-dose methotrexate protocols: human chorionic gonadotropin trends and patients outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(5):590.e1–590.e595.

Elephantiasis

Lymphedema, Lymphatic Filariasis

Warren AG, Brorson H, Borud LJ, et al. Lymphedema: a comprehensive review. Ann Plast Surg. 2007 Oct;59(4):464-472. Maclellan RA, Greene AK. Lymphedema. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014 Aug;23(4):191-197.

Elizabethkingia Neningoseptica

Dziuban EJ, Franks JL, et al. Elizabethkingia in Children: A Comprehensive Review of Symptomatic Cases Reported From 1944 to 2017. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 18;67(1):144-149.

Empyema

Transudate Pleural Effusion, Exudate Pleural Effusion

Shen KR, Bribriesco A, Crabtree T, et al. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines for the management of empyema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017 Jun;153(6):e129-146 Chibuk T, Cohen E, Robinson J, et al; Canadian Paediatric Society. Paediatric complicated pneumonia: diagnosis and management of empyema. Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Aug;16(7):425-429 Scarci M, Abah U, Solli P, et al. EACTS expert consensus statement for surgical management of pleural empyema. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015 Nov;48(5):642-653

Encephalopathy Encephalitis

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, Sejvar JJ, Marra CM, Roos KL, et al. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1. 47(3):303-327.

Endometriosis

Pelvic Pain

LC Giudice. Clinical practice. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(25):2389–2398. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5 Suppl):S260–S269. S Schrager, J Falleroni, J Edgoose. Evaluation and treatment of endometriosis. Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(2):107–113.

Enterobiasis

Pinworms

The Medical Letter. Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection. In: Drugs for Parasitic Infection. Treat Guide Med Lett. 2013;11(143). New Rochelle, NY: The Medical Letter; 2013:e7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Parasites - Enterobiasis (also known as pinworm infection). https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/health_professionals/index.html J Dennie, SR Grover. Distressing perineal and vaginal pain in prepubescent girls: an aetiology. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013;49(2):138–140.

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, ETEC

Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Mobley HL. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Feb;2(2):123-140. World Health Organization. Foodborne disease outbreaks: guidelines for investigation and control. Geneva: WHO Press; 2008

Enuresis

Bed Wetting, Nocturnal Incontinence, Primary NE

AP Bayne, SJ Skoog. Nocturnal enuresis: an approach to assessment and treatment. Pediatr Rev. 2014;35(4):327–335. ES Traisman. Enuresis evaluation and treatment. Pediatr Ann. 2015;44(4):133–137.

Epididymo-orchitis

Taylor SN. Epididymitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 15;61 Suppl 8:S770-3

Epiglottitis

Supraglottis

Rafei K, Lichenstein R. Airway infectious disease emergencies. Pediatr Clin North Am 2006;53:215. Sobol SE, Zapata S. Epiglottitis and croup. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2008; 41:551.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

RP Manes. Evaluating and managing the patient with nosebleeds. Med Clin North Am. 2010;94(5):903–912. RJ Schlosser. Clinical practice. Epistaxis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(8):784–789.

Epstein Barr Encephalitis (Immunocompetent)

EBV Encephalitis (Immunocompetent)

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Epstein Barr Encephalitis (Immunocompromised)

EBV Encephalitis (Immunocompromised)

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

Infectious Mononucleosis, Mono, Glandular Fever

SK Dunmire, KA Hogquist, HH Balfour. Infectious mononucleosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;390(Pt1):211–240. Odumade O, et al. Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011;24(1):193–209.

Erb Palsy

Duchenne-Erb Paralysis, Duchenne-Erb Palsy, Erb-Duchenne Brachial Plexopathy

Shenaq SM, Bullocks JM, Dhillon G, et al. Management of infant brachial plexus injuries. Clin Plast Surg. 2005 Jan;32(1):79-98 Waters PM. Update on management of pediatric brachial plexus palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2005 Jul;14(4):233-244 Vuillermin C, Bauer AS. Boston Children's Hospital approach to brachial plexus birth palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2016 Jul;25(4):296-304

Erythema Infectiosum

Parvovirus B19, Parvovirus, Fifth Disease, Fifth Viral Exanthem of Childhood

Young NS, Brown KE. Parvovirus B19. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:586-597.

Escherichia Coli

E. Coli, EColi, E Coli

Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Mobley HL. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Feb;2(2):123-140 Marder EP, Griffin PM, Cieslak PR, et al. Preliminary incidence and trends of infections with pathogens transmitted commonly through food: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2006-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Mar 23;67(11):324-328

Essential Hypertension

Benign Hypertension, Elevated Blood Pressure, Idiopathic Hypertension, Primary Hypertension

D Diao, JM Wright, DK Cundiff, et al. Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(8). PA James, S Oparil, BL Carter, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–520. A Qaseem, TJ Wilt, R Rich, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older to higher versus lower blood pressure targets: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(6):430–437

Ethylene Glycol (EG) Toxicity

Automotive Antifreeze Posoning

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). Medical management guidelines for ethylene glycol. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: cathartics. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(3):243-253

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD)

Adil E, Poe D. What is the full range of medical and surgical treatments available for patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;22:8-15 Goldman JL, Martinez SA, Ganzel TM. Eustachian tube dysfunction and its sequelae in patients with cleft palate. South Med J. 1993;86:1236-1237

Febrile Neutropenia (High Risk)

Neutropenic Fever

Krell D, Jones AL. Impact of effective prevention and management of febrile neutropenia. Br J Cancer. 2009 Sep. 101 Suppl 1:S23-526. Klastersky J, de Naurois J, Rolston K, et al; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Management of febrile neutropaenia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(suppl 5):v111-v118.

Febrile Neutropenia (Low-Risk)

Neutropenic Fever

https://www.idsociety.org/globalassets/idsa/practice-guidelines/outpatient-management-of-fever-and-neutropenia.pdf Jacobson CA, Berliner N. Neutropenia. Greer JP, Arber DA, Glader B, et al, eds. Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2014.1279-1289.

Felty Syndrome

Rheumatoid Arthritis with Neutropenia and Splenomegaly

Balint GP, Balint PV. Felty's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2004;18:631-645.

Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) Renal Artery

Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) from Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)

Parikh SA, Shishehbor MH, Gray BH, et al. SCAI expert consensus statement for renal artery stenting appropriate use. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84:1163-1171 Gornik HL, Persu A, Adlam D, et al. First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia. Vasc Med. 2019 Jan 16;24(2):164-189

Fibromyalgia

Fibrositis

Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:600-610. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:1113-1122. Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. JAMA. 2004;292:2388-2395

Focal Seizure

Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61 Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-521.

Folliculitis

Superficial Folliculitis, Staphylococcal Folliculitis

Buckley DA, Munn SE, Higgins EM. Neonatal eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Clinical Exp Dermatol. 2001;26;251-255 Lucky AW, Esterly NB, Heskel N, et al. Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy. Pediatric Dermatol. 1984;1:202-206

Fungal Keratitis

FlorCruz NV, et al. Medical interventions for fungal keratitis. Review article. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012.

Fungemia

Systemic Candidiasis, Candidemia

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50

Furunculosis

Hair Follicle Abscess, Hair Follicle Infections, Skin Abscess, Furuncle, Carbuncle, Skin Boil, Recurrent Skin Abscess

AH El-Gilany, H Fathy. Risk factors of recurrent furunculosis. Dermatol Online J. 2009;15(1):16. KS Ibler, CB Kromann. Recurrent furunculosis–challenges and management: a review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:59–64.

Fusariosis

Lortholary O, et al. International retrospective analysis of 73 cases of invasive fusariosis treated with voriconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Oct;54(10):4446-4450. Ho DY, et al. Treating disseminated fusariosis: amphotericin B, voriconazole or both? Mycoses. 2007 May;50(3):227-231.

Gas Gangrene

Clostridium Perfringens, Clostridial Myonecrosis, Anaerobic Cellulitis, Muscle Gangrene

Lu J, Wu XT, Kong XF, et al. Gas gangrene without wound: both lower extremities affected simultaneously. Am J Emerg Med. 2008 Oct;26(8):970.e3-4 De A, Varaiya A, Mathur M, et al. Bacteriological studies of gas gangrene and related infections. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2003 Jul-Sep;21(3):202-204. Delbridge MS, Turton EP, Kester RC. Spontaneous fulminant gas gangrene. Emerg Med J. 2005 Jul;22(7):520-521.

Gastroduodenal and Biliary Surgical Prophylaxis

Bratzler DW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Feb 1;70(3):195-283.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar;108(3):308-328. Freedberg DE, Kim LS, Yang YX. The risks and benefits of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: expert review and best practice advice from the American Gastroenterological Association. Gastroenterology. 2017 Mar;152(4):706-715.

Generalized Seizure (Adults)

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (GTCS)

Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth GS, et al. Evidence-based guideline: management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults. Neurology. 2015:21;84(16):1705-1713. Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61.

Genital Herpes

Herpes Genitalis, Herpes Virus Infections, Herpes Simplex Virus Infections, HSV

JW Gnann, RJ Whitley. Clinical practice. Genital herpes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(7):666–674. AM Hofstetter, SL Rosenthal, LR Stanberry. Current thinking on genital herpes. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014;27(1):75–83

Genital Warts

Anogenital Warts, Vaginal Warts, Anal Warts, Urethral Meatus Warts, Venereal Warts, Condyloma Acuminata

Forcier M, Musacchio N. An overview of human papillomavirus infection for the dermatologist: disease, diagnosis, management, and prevention. Dermatol Ther. 2010 Sep-Oct;23(5):458-476. Ahmed AM, Madkan V, Tyring SK. Human papillomaviruses and genital disease. Dermatol Clin. 2006 Apr;24(2):157-165.

Gestational Hypertension

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)

Vigil-De Gracia P, Lasso M, Ruiz E, et al; HYLA treatment study. Severe hypertension in pregnancy: hydralazine or labetalol: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006 Sep-Oct;128(1-2):157-162

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

Cranial Arteritis, Granulomatous Arteritis, Temporal Arteritis, Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N, et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Aug;49(8):1594-1597 Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet. 2008 Jul 19;372(9634):234-245 Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1122-1128

Giardiasis

Giardia lamblia Infections, Giardia Infections

R Canete, P Rodríguez, L Mesa, et al. Albendazole versus metronidazole in the treatment of adult giardiasis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(1):149–154. P Yadav, V Tak, B Mirdha, et al. Refractory giardiasis: a molecular appraisal from a tertiary care centre in India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32(4):378–382.

Gilbert Syndrome

Hyperbilirubinemia, Excessive Bilirubin

Bosma PJ, Chowdhury JR, Bakker C, et al. The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 in Gilbert's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 2;333(18):1171-1175 Watson KJ, Gollan JL. Gilbert's syndrome. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1989 Apr;3(2):337-355

Glaucoma, Chronic Open Angle

Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

- 2015 CDC STD Treatment Guidelines: MMWR 64(RR-3):1, 201

Gonococcal Infections

GC Infections, Gonorrhea

MT Mayor, MA Roett, KA Uduhiri. Diagnosis and management of gonococcal infections. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(10):931–938.

Gram Negative Bacilli Meningitis

Bacterial Meningitis

Lu C, et al. Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Optimization of Meropenem in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Patients with Meningitis after Neurosurgery Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(11):6619–6625. A Zalmanovici Trestioreanu, A Fraser, A Gafter-Gvili, et al. Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD004785. L Smith. Management of bacterial meningitis: new guidelines from the IDSA. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(10):2003–2008. C Liu, A Bayer, SE Cosgrove, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(3):e18–e55.

Gram Negative Pneumonia

Aerobic Gram-negative Bacilli Pneumonia

Kalil AC, et al. Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;63(5):e61-e111.

Gram-Negative Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections

Group B Streptococcal Infection

GBS Infection

Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ, et al. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease - revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR. 2010;59:1-36 Johri AK, Paoletti LC, Glasser P, et al. Group B streptococcus: global incidence and vaccine development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006;4:932-942

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

Hughes RA, Swan AV, van Doorn PA. Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 19;(9)

Guttate Psoriasis

Armstrong AW, Siegel MP, Bagel J, et al. From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Treatment targets for plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Feb;76(2):290-298. Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 3. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Apr;60(4):643-659

Haemophilus Influenzae

H. Influenzae, H. Flu, Haemophilus Influenzae Pneumonia

Richard G Wunderink et al. Clinical Practice. Community-acquired Pneumonia 2014 Feb 6;370(6):543-551. Ane Uranga et al. Duration of Antibiotic Treatment in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Sep 1;176(9):1257-1265.

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Bindra A, Braunstein GD. Thyroiditis. Am Fam Physician. 2006 May 15;73(10):1769-1776. Sweeney LB, Stewart C, Gaitonde DY. Thyroiditis: an integrated approach. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Sep 15;90(6):389-396.

Head and Neck Surgical Prophylaxis

Bratzler DW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Feb 1;70(3):195-283.

Healthcare Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)

Nosocomial Pneumonia, Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

File TM Jr. Recommendations for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: review of recent international guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Aug 1. 51 Suppl 1:S42-547. Kalil, AC, et al. Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society . Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 63, Issue 5, 1 September 2016. e61–e111,

Heart Failure

Chronic Heart Failure, Cardiorenal Syndrome in HFpEF

Helicobacter Pylori Infection

H. Pylori Infection

Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2002 Jan 5;359(9300):14-22. Laine L, Jensen DM. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:345-360.

Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA), Autoimmune Hemolysis, Warm Hemolysis, Cold Hemolysis, Cold Agglutinin Disease

Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2005 Dec 1;106(12):3699-3709 Go RS, Winters JL, Kay NE. How I treat autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Blood. 2017 Jun 1;129(22):2971-2979

Hemorrhage (Adults)

Blood Transfusion in Massive Bleeding & Shock (Adults), Major Hemorrhage in Adults

Hemorrhage (Pediatrics)

Blood Transfusion in Massive Bleeding & Shock (Pediatrics), Major Hemorrhage in Children (NHS)

Hemorrhagic Shock

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

HIT, Heparin-Induced Low Blood Platelet Count

GM Arepally. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2017;129(21):2864–2872. MA Smythe, TP Mehta, JM Koerber, et al. Development and implementation of a comprehensive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia recognition and management protocol. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012; 69(3):241–248.

Hepatic Abscess

Liver Abscess

Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Solomkin JS, et al. Clin Infect Dis.2010.Jan 15;50(2):133-164. Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: a new invasive syndrome.nReview article Siu LK, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012.Nov;12(11):881-887.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic Coma, Liver Coma, Portosystemic Encephalopathy (PSE)

JP Sturgeon, DL Shawcross. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and treatments. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;8(1):83–100. H Vilstrup, P Amodio, J Bajaj, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology. 2014;60(2):715–735.

Hepatic Steatosis

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver, NAFLD, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, NASH

Ong JP, Younossi ZM. Epidemiology and natural history of NAFLD and NASH. Clin Liver Dis. 2007;11:1-16. Sanyal AJ. AGA technical review of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1705-1725.

Hepatitis A Virus

HepA, HAV

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A questions and answers for health professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/havfaq.htm AE Fiore, A Wasley, BP Bell; and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-7):1–23. JC Victor, AS Monto, TY Surdina, et al. Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(17):1685–1694.

Hepatitis B Virus

Hep B, HBV

Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018 Apr;67(4):1560-1599. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017 Aug;67(2):370-398

Hepatitis C Virus

HepC, HCV

Jacobson IM, Lim JK, Fried MW. American Gastroenterological Association Institute clinical practice update - expert review: care of patients who have achieved a sustained virologic response after antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 2017 May;152(6):1578-1587 Falade-Nwulia O, Suarez-Cuervo C, Nelson DR, et al. Oral direct-acting agent therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017 May 2;166(9):637-648

Herpes B Encephalitis

HBE

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Herpes Ophthalmicus

Hutchinson's Sign, Ophthalmic Herpes Zoster

Ritterband DC1, Friedberg DN. Virus infections of the eye. Rev Med Virol. 1998 Oct;8(4):187-201. Karlin JD. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: the virus strikes back. Ann Ophthalmol. 1993 Jun;25(6):208-215. Shaikh S, Ta CN. Evaluation and management of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Nov 1;66(9):1723-1730.

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

HSE, HSV Encephalitis

Whitley RJ. Herpes simplex encephalitis: adolescents and adults. Antiviral Res. 2006 Sep. 71(2-3):141-148. Whitley RJ, Kimberlin DW. Herpes simplex encephalitis: children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2005 Jan. 16(1):17-23. Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Herpes Simplex Keratitis

HSV Conjunctivitis, Herpes Simplex Conjunctivitis, Viral Keratitis

Pflipsen M, Massaquoi M, Wolf S. Evaluation of the Painful Eye. Am Fam Physician. 2016 Jun 15;93(12):991-998.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137. Smith J, Robinson N. Age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: a global review. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:S3-S28.

Herpes Zoster Infection

Shingles, Zoster Sine Herpete

EM McDonald, J de Kock, FS Ram. Antivirals for management of herpes zoster including ophthalmicus: a systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Antivir Ther. 2012;17(2):255–264.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Apocrinitis, Apocrine Acne, Apocrine Sweat Gland Abscess, Verneuil's Disease, Acne Inversa

Kim WB, Sibbald RG, Hu H, et al. Clinical features and patient outcomes of hidradenitis suppurativa: a cross-sectional retrospective study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2016;20:52-57 Jemec GB. Clinical practice. Hidradenitis suppurativa. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:158-164

High Flow Nasal Cannula (PEDIATRICS)

HFNC (PEDIATRICS)

Hirschsprung Disease

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon, Congenital Megacolon, Aganglionosis

Levitt MA, Dickie B, Peña A. Evaluation and treatment of the patient with Hirschsprung disease who is not doing well after a pull-through procedure. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2010;19:146-153 Levitt MA, Martin CA, Olesevich M, et al. Hirschsprung disease and fecal incontinence: diagnostic and management strategies. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:271-277

Histoplasmosis Meningitis

Fungal Meningitis

Wheat LJ. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):807-825. Knox KS, Hage CA. Histoplasmosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010 May;7(3):169-172.

Histoplasmosis Pericarditis

Fungal Pericarditis

Wheat LJ, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):807-825.

Histoplasmosis Prophylaxis

Wheat LJ. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):807-825. Knox KS, Hage CA. Histoplasmosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010 May;7(3):169-172.

Hookworm

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Feldmeier H, Schuster A. Mini review: hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;31(6):915-918.

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

HAP

Human Herpes 6 Encephalitis

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Hyperaldosteronism

Aldosteronism, Conn's Syndrome

Charles L, Triscott J, Dobbs B. Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Oct 1;96(7):453-461. Mosso L, et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension. 2003 Aug;42(2):161-165.

Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):373-379. Horwitz MJ, Hodak SP, Steward AF. Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia. In: Rosen CJ, ed. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 8th ed. Washington, DC: American Society of Bone and Mineral Research; 2013:562-571.

Hypercholesterolemia

Hyperlipidemia

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Lipid disorders in adults (cholesterol, dyslipidemia): screening. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening. Published June 2008. NJ Stone, JG Robinson, AH Lichtenstein, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1–S45. S Rabar, M Harker, N O’Flynn, et al. Lipid modification and cardiovascular risk assessment for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2014;349:g4356. Z Reiner, AL Catapano, G De Backer, et al. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2011;32(14):1769–1818.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Hyperemesis of Pregnancy, Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy

M Anderka, AA Mitchell, C Louik, et al. Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012;94(1):22–30. R Boelig, S Barton, G Saccone, et al. Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print July 11, 2017]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;1–14. doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1342805. S Jarvis, C Nelson-Piercy. Management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. BMJ. 2011;342:d3606. A Matthews, DM Haas, DP O’Mathúna, et al. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD007575. FP McCarthy, JE Lutomski, RA Greene. Hyperemesis gravidarum: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health. 2014;6:719–725. D McCormack. Hypnosis for hyperemesis gravidarum. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(7):647–653. C McParlin, A O’Donnell, S Robson, et al. Treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2016;316(13):1392–1401. B Pasternak, H Svanström, A Hviid. Ondansetron in pregnancy and risk of adverse fetal outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(9):814–823.

HYPERkalemia

High Potassium Levels, High Serum Potassium, Hyperpotassemia

R Wong, R Banker, P Aronowitz. Electrocardiographic changes of severe hyperkalemia. J Hosp Med. 2011;6(4):240. J Khanagavi, T Gupta, WS Aronow, et al. Hyperkalemia among hospitalized patients and association between duration of hyperkalemia and outcomes. Arch Med Sci. 2014;10(2):251–257. RH Sterns, M Rojas, P Bernstein, et al. Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia: are they safe and effective? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(5):733–735. JR Ingelfinger. A new era for the treatment of hyperkalemia? N Engl J Med. 2015;372(3):275–277.

HYPERkalemia (Pediatric)

HYPERnatremia

Increased Na, Increased Serum Sodium

RH Sterns. Disorders of plasma sodium—causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):55–65. CP Kovesdy, EH Lott, JL Lu, et al. Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without congestive heart failure. Circulation. 2012;125(5):677–684. SM Bagshaw, DR Townsend, RC McDermid. Disorders of sodium and water balance in hospitalized patients. Can J Anaesth. 2009;56(2):151–167. MJ Hannon, FM Finucane, M Sherlock, et al. Clinical review: disorders of water homeostasis in neurosurgical patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(5):1423–1433.

Hyperprolactinaemia

Prolactinoma, Galactorrhea, Disordered Lactation, Nipple Discharge

Huang W, Molitch ME. Evaluation and management of galactorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(11):1073–1080 Lake M, Krook L, Cruz V. Pituitary adenomas: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(5):319–327 Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al. Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):273-288 Dekkers OM, Lagro J, Burman P, et al. Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan;95(1):43-51

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P, et al. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2016 Jun;71(6):765-779 Tarlo SM. Cough: occupational and environmental considerations: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1 Suppl):186S-196S.

Hypertension with Cardiovascular Comorbidities

HYPERtension, Ocular

Ocular HYPERtension

HYPERthyroidism

Hypertriglyceridemia

Dyslipidemia, Elevated Triglycerides, High Triglycerides

D Wang, B Liu, W Tao, et al. Fibrates for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD009580. BW Karlson, MK Palmer, SJ Nicholls, et al. A VOYAGER meta-analysis of the impact of statin therapy on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(9):1444–1448. NJ Stone, JG Robinson, AH Lichtenstein, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1–S45.

Hypoglycemia

Service FJ. Hypoglycemic disorders. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1144-1152. Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, et al. Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:709-728.

Hypokalemia

Decreased K, Decreased Potassium, Hypopotassaemia, Low Blood Potassium

BP Krijthe, J Heeringa, JA Kors, et al. Serum potassium levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam Study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(6):5411–5415. CT Tran, H Bundgaard, SD Ladefoged, et al. Potassium dynamics are attenuated in hyperkalemia and a determinant of QT adaptation in exercising hemodialysis patients. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(4):498–504. CM Goodson, BJ Clark, IS Douglas. Predictors of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(10):2664–2677.

HYPOnatraemia, Peripartum

Peripartum HYPOnatraemia

HYPOnatremia

Decreased Na Levels, Decreased Sodium Levels, Low Sodium Levels,

B Rozen-Zvi, D Yahav, M Gheorghiade, et al. Vasopressin receptor antagonists for the treatment of hyponatremia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;56(2):325–337. P Esposito, G Piotti, S Bianzina, et al. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: pathophysiology, clinical management and new therapeutic options. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;119(1):c62–c73. A Basu, RE Ryder. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis is associated with excess long-term mortality: a retrospective cohort analyses. J Clin Pathol. 2014;67(9):802–806. HJ Adrogue, NE Madias. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(21):1581–1589.

HYPOnatremia (Pediatrics)

Decreased Na Levels, Decreased Sodium Levels, Low Sodium Levels

Hypoparathyroidism

Parathyroid Hormone Deficiency

JP Bilezikian, A Khan, JT Potts, et al. Hypoparathyroidism in the adult: epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, target-organ involvement, treatment, and challenges for future research. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(10):2317–2337. M Brandi, D Bilezikian, D Shoback, et al. Management of hypoparathyroidism: summary statement and guidelines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(6):2273–2283

Hypothyroidism

Autoimmune Thyroiditis

JR Garber, RH Cobin, H Gharib, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(6):988–1028. L Chaker, AC Bianco, J Jonklaas, et al. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2017;390(10101):1550–1562. DS Cooper, B Biondi. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9821):1142–1154. D Khandelwal, N Tandon. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: who to treat and how. Drugs. 2012;72(1):17–33. J Jonklaas, AC Bianco, AJ Bauer, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24(12):1670–1751.

Hypovolemic Shock

Septic Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, Distributive Shock

Antonelli M, Levy M, Andrews PJ, et al. Hemodynamic monitoring in shock and implications for management: international consensus conference, Paris, France, 27-28 April 2006. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Apr;33(4):575-590. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock - 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-377.

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM)

Eosinophilic Myositis (EM), Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, Inclusion Body Myositis

Dalakas MC. Inflammatory disorders of muscle: progress in polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:561-567 Greenberg SA. Inflammatory myopathies: disease mechanisms. Curr Opin Neurol. 2009;22:516-523 Ruperto N, Pistorio A, Oliveira S, et al.; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO). Prednisone versus prednisone plus ciclosporin versus prednisone plus methotrexate in new-onset juvenile dermatomyositis: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2016;387:671-678

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

Wall M. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Neurol Clin. 2010 Aug;28(3):593-617. Digre KB, Corbett JJ. Pseudotumor cerebri in men. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:866-872.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH)

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

Badesch DB, Champion HC, Sanchez MA, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Jun 30;54(1 Suppl):S55-566 Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016 Jan 1;37(1):67-119.

IgA Nephropathy

Berger's Disease

Wyatt RJ, Julian BA. IgA nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 20;368(25):2402-2414. Trimarchi H, Barratt J, Cattran DC, et al; IgAN Classification Working Group of the International IgA Nephropathy Network and the Renal Pathology Society; Conference Participants. Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group. Kidney Int. 2017 May;91(5):1014-1021.

Impetigo

NonBullous Impetigo, Streptococcal Impetigo, Staphylococcal Impetigo, Common Impetigo

Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G. Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Aug 15;90(4):229-235 Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52.

Infantile Spasms

Go CY, Mackay MT, Weiss SK, et al; Child Neurology Society; American Academy of Neurology. Evidence-based guideline update: medical treatment of infantile spasms. Neurology. 2012 Jun 12;78(24):1974-1980. Lombroso CT. A prospective study of infantile spasms: clinical and therapeutic correlations. Epilepsia. 1983 Apr;24(2):135-158. Willmore LJ, Abelson MB, Ben-Menachem E, et al. Vigabatrin: 2008 update. Epilepsia. 2009 Feb;50(2):163-173.

InFLIXimab Premedications

Remicade Premedications

Insect Bites and Stings

Golden DB, Demain J, Freeman T, et al. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2016. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017 Jan;118(1):28-54. Vetter RS, Bush SP. The diagnosis of brown recluse spider bite is overused for dermonecrotic wounds of uncertain etiology. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 May;39(5):544-546.

Insecticide Poisoning

Organophosphate Poisoning

Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, et al. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):597-607 Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Gunnell D, et al. Identification of strategies to prevent death after pesticide self-poisoning using a Haddon matrix. Inj Prev. 2006 Oct;12(5):333-337

Insomnia (Pediatrics)

Dyssomnias in Children, Sleeplessness

Morgenthaler TI, Owens J, Alessi C, et al. Practice parameters for behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and young children. Sleep. 2006;29:1277-1281

Intra-abdominal Abscess, Community-Acquired

IAA

Pieracci FM, Barie PS. Intra-abdominal infections. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007 Aug;13(4):440-449. Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2010 Feb;11(1):79-109. Otagiri N, Soeda J, Yoshino T, et al. Primary abscess of the omentum: report of a case. Surg Today. 2004;34(3):261-264.

Intra-abdominal Abscess, Health Care Associated

Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2010 Feb;11(1):79-109.

Intubation Associated Sinusitis

Westergren V, Lundblad L, Hellquist HB, Forsum U. Ventilator-associated sinusitis: a review. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;27(4):851-864. George DL, Falk PS, Umberto Meduri G, Leeper KV Jr, Wunderink RG, Steere EL, Nunnally FK, Beckford N, Mayhall CG. Nosocomial sinusitis in patients in the medical intensive care unit: a prospective epidemiological study. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Sep;27(3):463-470.

Invasive Aspergillosis

Patterson TF, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 63, Issue 4, 15 August 2016,e1–e60.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Hempel EV, Bollard ER. The Evidence-Based Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Med Clin North Am. 2016 Sep. 100 (5):1065-1075. Eisenga MF, Minović I, Berger SP, Kootstra-Ros JE, van den Berg E, Riphagen IJ, et al. Iron deficiency, anemia, and mortality in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Int. 2016 Nov. 29 (11):1176-1183.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS-C, IBS-D

Lin Chang, Anthony Lembo, Shahnaz Sultan: Spotlight: IBS Treatment: VOLUME 163, ISSUE 1, P153, JULY 01, 2022.

Ischemic Colitis

LJ Brandt, P Feuerstadt, GF Longstreth, et al. ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI). Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(1):18–45. D Moszkowicz, A Mariani, C Trésallet, et al. Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management. J Visc Surg. 2013;150(1):19–28. A Theodoropoulou, IE Koutroubakis. Ischemic colitis: clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(48):7302–7308.

Ischemic Gangrene

Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Bell J, et al; BASIL trial Participants. Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial: An intention-to-treat analysis of amputation-free and overall survival in patients randomized to a bypass surgery-first or a balloon angioplasty-first revascularization strategy. J Vasc Surg. 2010 May;51(5 Suppl):5S-17S.

Ischemic Priapism

Stuttering Priapism

JF Donaldson, RW Rees, HA Steinbrecher. Priapism in children: a comprehensive review and clinical guideline. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10(1):11–24. DK Montague, J Jarow, GA Broderick, et al; American Urological Association guideline on the management of priapism. J Urol. 2003;170(4 Pt 1):1318–1324. A Salonia, I Eardley, F Giuliano, et al. European Association of Urology guidelines on priapism. Eur Urol. 2014;65(2):480–489.

Ischemic Stroke

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), Cerebral Infarction, Ischemic CVA, Cerebellar Infarction, Cerebellar CVA, Brainstem Stroke

Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018 Mar;49(3):e46-110.

IV Fluid Therapy

IV Fluid Therapy in Hospital, IV Fluid Therapy in CRITICALLY ILL Adults, Resuscitation with IV Fluids in Adults with Burn

IV Fluid Therapy (Pediatrics)

IVIG Premedications

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Premedications

Jugular Vein Suppurative (Septic) Thrombophlebitis

Lemierre's Syndrome

Kuppalli K, Livorsi D, Talati NJ, Osborn M. Lemierre's syndrome due to Fusobacterium necrophorum. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Oct;12(10):808-815.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Still's Disease, Juvenile Onset Still's Disease, Juvenile Chronic Polyarthritis

Ringold S, Weiss PF, Beukelman T, et al. 2013 update of the 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recommendations for the medical therapy of children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and tuberculosis screening among children receiving biologic medications. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:1551-1563. Davies K, Cleary G, Foster H, et al. BSPAR Standards of Care for children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Jul;49(7):1406-1408.

Kallmann Syndrome (KS)

Hypogonadism in Males

Araujo AB, O'Donnell AB, Brambilla DJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;89(12):5920-5926. Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;92(11):4241-4247. Dean JD, McMahon CG, Guay AT, et al. The International Society for Sexual Medicine's process of care for the assessment and management of testosterone deficiency in adult men. J Sex Med. 2015 Aug;12(8):1660-1686.

Kawasaki Syndrome

Kawasaki Disease (KD)

Newburger JW, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Pediatrics 2004 Dec;114(6):1708-1733. Han RK, Sinclair B, et al. Recognition and management of Kawasaki disease. CMAJ. 2000 Mar 21. 162(6):807-812.

Klebsiella

Klebsiella Oxytoca, Klebsiella Pneumoniae

McKinnell JA, et al. Plazomicin for Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Randomized controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 21;380(8):783-785. Pogue JM, et al. Ceftazidime/Avibactam, Meropenem/Vaborbactam, or Both? Clinical and Formulary Considerations. Clin Infect Dis. 2019. Magiorakos AP, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012

Klebsiella Ozaenae

Atrophic Rhinitis

Shah K, Guarderas J, Krishnaswamy G. Empty nose syndrome and atrophic rhinitis. Review article. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016 Sep;117(3):217-220.

Klebsiella Rhinoscleromatis

Rhinoscleroma, Respiratory Scleroma

Gaafar HA, Gaafar AH, Nour YA. Rhinoscleroma: an updated experience through the last 10 years. Acta Otolaryngol. 2011 Apr;131(4):440-446.

Lactobacillus Infection

Salminen M. et al. Lactobacillus bacteremia, species identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility of 85 blood isolates. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 1;42(5):e35-44.

Laryngospasm (Pediatric)

Lead Toxicity

Painter's Colic, Plumbism, Saturnism, Lead Neurotoxicity Syndrome

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance: United States, 2003-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:876-879. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Blood lead levels: United States, 1988-1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:545-548.

Left Ventricular Thrombus

Leg Ulcer Infection

Foot Ulcer Infection

Legionnaires’ Disease

Legionella Pneumonia, Legionellosis, Legionnaires' Pneumonia, Pontiac Fever

SM Walser, DG Gerstner, B Brenner, et al. Assessing the environmental health relevance of cooling towers—a systematic review of legionellosis outbreaks. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014;217(2–3):145–154. E Botelho-Nevers, F Grattard, A Viallon, et al. Prospective evaluation of RT-PCR on sputum versus culture, urinary antigens and serology for Legionnaire’s disease diagnosis. J Infect. 2016;73(2):123–128. DM Pierre, J Baron, VL Yu, et al. Diagnostic testing for Legionnaires’ disease. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017;16(1):59. C Burdet, R Lepeule, X Duval, et al. Quinolones versus macrolides in the treatment of legionellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(9):2354–2360.

Leprosy

World Health Organization. Implementation of MDT. In: Multidrug therapy against leprosy: Development and implementation over the past 25 years. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004:45-68. WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy. 8th report. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2012;968:1-61.

Leptospirosis

Palaniappan RU, et al. Leptospirosis: pathogenesis, immunity, and diagnosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007 Jun. 20(3):284-292.

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Lichen Simplex, Scalp Picker's Nodule, Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus, Red Scrotum Syndrome, Lichen Simplex Nuchae

Lotti T, Buggaiani G, Prignano F. Prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus. Dermatol Ther. 2008;21:42-46. Lynch PJ. Lichen simplex chronicus (atopic/neurodermatitis) of the anogenital region. Dermatol Ther. 2004;17:8-19.

Listeriosis

Listeria Monocytogenes

Pinner RW, Schuchat A, Swaminathan B, et al. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis. II. Microbiologic and epidemiologic investigation. The Listeria Study Group. JAMA. 1992 Apr 15;267(15):2046-2050. Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee Opinion No. 614: management of pregnant women with presumptive exposure to Listeria monocytogenes. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;124(6):1241-1244.

Lupus Nephritis

Glomerulonephritis

Chadban SJ, Atkins RC. Glomerulonephritis. Lancet. 2005 May 21-27;365(9473):1797-1806 Brady HR, O'Meara YM, Brenner BM. Glomerular diseases. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci A, et al, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005:1674

Lyme Disease

Borrelia burgdorferi Infections, Borreliosis, Ixodid Ticks, Tickborne Illnesses, Neuroborreliosis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lyme disease. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/ A Marques, SR Telford, SP Turk, et al. Xenodiagnosis to detect Borrelia burgdorferi infection: a first-in-human study. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(7):937–945. RB Nadelman, K Hanincová, P Mukherjee, et al. Differentiation of reinfection from relapse in recurrent Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(20):1883–1890. GP Wormser, RJ Dattwyler, ED Shapiro, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(9):1089–1134. E Sanchez, E Vannier, GP Wormser, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: a review. JAMA. 2016;315(16):1767–1777.

Lyme Disease Carditis

Borrelia burgdorferi

Sanchez E, et al. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: A Review. JAMA. 2016 Apr 26;315(16):1767-1777.

Malaria Infection

Plasmodium Falciparum, Plasmodium Ovale, Plasmodium Vivax, Plasmodium Malariae, Plasmodium Knowlesi

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treatment of malaria: guidelines for clinicians (United States). Part 2: general approach to treatment and treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Apr 2019

Malignant Hypertension

Hypertensive Emergencies

Vaughan CJ, Delanty N. Hypertensive emergencies. Lancet. 2000 Jul 29;356(9227):411-417. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-1252.

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH)

Mallory Weiss Syndrome

Mallory Weiss Tear, Esophageal Laceration

Cappell MS, Friedel D. Initial management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: from initial evaluation up to gastrointestinal endoscopy. Med Clin North Am. 2008;92:491-509 Ismail SK, Kenny L. Review on hyperemesis gravidarum. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21:755-769. Sciume C, Geraci G, Pisello F, et al. A rare complication of ERCP: Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Ann Ital Chir. 2005;76:199-202.

Mastitis

Inflammatory Disorders of Breast, Breast Abscess, Breast Infection

Spencer JP. Management of mastitis in breastfeeding women. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Sep 15. 78(6):727-731. Jahanfar S, Ng CJ, Teng CL. Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 28.

Measles

Rubeola

McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(RR-04):1-34.

Mediastinal Histoplasmosis

Wheat LJ. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):807-825. Knox KS, Hage CA. Histoplasmosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010 May;7(3):169-172.

Meniere Disease (MD)

Endolymphatic Hydrops, Inner Ear Disorders

G Ishiyama, IA Lopez, AR Sepahdari, et al. Meniere’s disease: histopathology, cytochemistry, and imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1343:49–57. L Frejo, I Giegling, R Teggi, et al. Genetics of vestibular disorders: pathophysiological insights. J Neurol. 2016;263(Suppl 1):S45–S53. AP Casani, N Cerchiai, E Navari, et al. Intratympanic gentamicin for Meniere’s disease: short- and long-term follow-up of two regimens of treatment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(5):847–852. SF Ahsan, R Standring, Y Wang. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Meniett therapy for Meniere’s disease. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(1):203–208. P Setty, S Babu, MJ LaRouere, et al. Fully endoscopic retrosigmoid vestibular nerve section for refractory Meniere disease. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2016;77(4):341–349.

Meningococcal Disease (Pediatrics)

Metabolic Syndrome

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

MRSA

Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Liu C, Bayer A, et al. Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Adults and Children. Clinical Infectious Diseases,V52;3, 1 Feb 2011,e18–e55.

Methicillin Susceptible Staph Aureus

MSSA

Shurland S, Zhan M, Bradham DD, Roghmann MC. Comparison of mortality risk associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:273. McDanel JS, Perencevich EN, Diekema DJ, et al. Comparative effectiveness of beta-lactams versus vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections among 122 hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2015;61:361.

Metrorrhagia

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)

Munro MG, Critchley HO, Broder MS, et al. FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;113:3-13. Farrell E. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Aust Fam Physician. 2004;33:906-908.

Microcytic Anemia

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

MERS-CoV, MERS Coronavirus

Shehata MM, Gomaa MR, Ali MA, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review. Front Med. 2016;10:120-136. Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2015;386:995-1007. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance. July 2015

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

Floppy Valve Syndrome, Mitral Click-Murmur Syndrome, Mitral Leaflet Syndrome

RA Nishimura, CM Otto, RO Bonow, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135(25):e1159–e1195. AB Goldstone, WL Patrick, JE Cohen, et al. Early surgical intervention or watchful waiting for the management of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4(3):220–229. DR Johnston, AM Gillinov, EH Blackstone, et al. Surgical repair of posterior mitral valve prolapse: implications for guidelines and percutaneous repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;89(5):1385–1394.

Monkey Bite

Monkey B Virus, Monkey Herpesvirus B, Herpesvirus Simiae, Herpesvirus B

Cohen JI, Davenport DS, Stewart JA, Deitchman S, Hilliard JK, Chapman LE; B virus Working Group. Recommendations for prevention of and therapy for exposure to B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1).External Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1191-203

Monkeypox

McCollum AM, Damon IK. Human monkeypox. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan. 58(2):260-267. Sejvar JJ, Chowdary Y, Schomogyi M, Stevens J, Patel J, Karem K, et al. Human monkeypox infection: a family cluster in the midwestern United States. J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 15. 190(10):1833-1840.

Montpellier Intubation Protocol

De Jong, A., Myatra, S.N., Roca, O. et al. How to improve intubation in the intensive care unit. Update on knowledge and devices. Intensive Care Med (2022)

Moraxella Catarrhalis Infection

Manfredi R, Nanetti A, Valentini R, Chiodo F. Moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia during HIV disease. J Chemother. 2000 Oct. 12(5):406-411. Aebi C. Moraxella catarrhalis - pathogen or commensal?. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011. 697:107-116.

Moraxella Catarrhalis Pneumonia

Pappas DE, Hendley JO, Hayden FG, Winther B. Symptom profile of common colds in school-aged children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Jan. 27(1):8-11 Manfredi R, Nanetti A, Valentini R, Chiodo F. Moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia during HIV disease. J Chemother. 2000 Oct. 12(5):406-411. Shaikh SB, Ahmed Z, Arsalan SA, Shafiq S. Prevalence and resistance pattern of Moraxella catarrhalis in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2015. 8:263-267.

MRSA Skin Infections

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infection

RD Mistry. Skin and soft tissue infections. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(5):1063–1082. AJ Singer, DA Talan. Management of skin abscesses in the era of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(11):1039–1047. EK Shuman, PN Malani. Empirical MRSA coverage for nonpurulent cellulitis: swinging the pendulum away from routine use. JAMA. 2017;317(20):2070–2071. RS Daum, LG Miller, L Immergluck, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics for smaller skin abscesses. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(26):2545–2555. HF Chambers. Pharmacology and the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(23):2238–2239.

Mucorales Necrotizing Fasciitis

Sartelli M, Malangoni MA, May AK, et al. World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2014 Nov 18;9(1):57

Mucormycosal Meningitis

Fungal Meningitis, Mucormycosis

Dan M. Mucormycosis of the head and neck. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Apr;13(2):123-131.

Myasthenia Gravis

Jaretzki A 3rd, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, et al. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Jul;70(1):327-334 Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Myasthenic crisis. 2009 Feb;102(2):97-107

Mycobacterium Kansasii

Corbett EL, Churchyard GJ, Hay M. The impact of HIV infection on Mycobacterium kansasii disease in South African gold miners. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Jul. 160(1):10-14. Maliwan N, Zvetina JR. Clinical features and follow up of 302 patients with Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infection: a 50 year experience. Postgrad Med J. 2005. 81:530-533. Marras TK, Morris A, Gonzalez LC. Mortality prediction in pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection and human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004.

Mycoplasma Genitalium

Manhart LE, Gillespie CW, Lowens MS, Khosropour CM, Colombara DV, Golden MR, Hakhu NR, Thomas KK, Hughes JP, Jensen NL, Totten PA. Standard treatment regimens for nongonococcal urethritis have similar but declining cure rates: a randomized controlled trial. Randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;56(7):934-942.

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Primary Atypical Pneumonia, Walking Pneumonia, Eaton Agent Pneumonia, PAP, Atypical Pneumonia

S Carbonara, L Monno, B Longo, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2009;15(3):261–273. N Eliakim-Raz, E Robenshtok, D Shefet, et al. Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9) S Kashyap, M Sarkar. Mycoplasma pneumonia: clinical features and management. Lung India. 2010;27(2):75–85.

Mycotic Aneurysm

Mahfood Haddad T, et al. Mycotic pseudoaneurysm by vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus: a rare cause of persistent bacteraemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2015.

Myocarditis (Hemodynamically Stable with LV Systolic Dysfunction)

Heart Failure Society of America. Myocarditis: current treatment: HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010 Jun;16(6):e176-179 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jun 5;62(16):e147-239

Myocarditis (Hemodynamically Stable without LV Systolic Dysfunction)

Lieberman EB, Hershkowitz A, Rose NR, et al. A clinicopathologic description of myocarditis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1993 Aug;68(2):191-196. Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, et al. Myocarditis. A histopathologic definition and classification. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol. 1987 Jan;1(1):3-14

Myocarditis (Hemodynamically Unstable)

Bozkurt B, Colvin M, Cook J, et al. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for specific dilated cardiomyopathies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016 Nov 3;134(23):e579-e646 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jun 5;62(16):e147-239 Heart Failure Society of America. Myocarditis: current treatment: HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010 Jun;16(6):e176-179

Narcolepsy

Cataplexy

Wise MS, Arand DL, Auger RR, et al; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Treatment of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin. Sleep. 2007 Dec;30(12):1712-1727. Alshaikh MK, Tricco AC, Tashkandi M, et al. Sodium oxybate for narcolepsy with cataplexy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012 Aug 15;8(4):451-458.

Necrotising Soft-tissue Infections

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

Vincent Stomatitis, Vincent Angina, Trench Mouth

M Marty, J Palmieri, E Noirrit-Esclassan, et al. Necrotizing periodontal diseases in children: a literature review and adjustment of treatment. J Trop Pediatr. 2016;62(4):331–337.

Neisseria Meningitidis Meningitis

Rosenstein NE, Perkins BA, Stephens DS, et al. Meningococcal disease. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1378. Gardner P. Clinical practice. Prevention of meningococcal disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:1466. Stephens DS, Greenwood B, Brandtzaeg P. Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidis. Lancet 2007;369:2196.

Neonatal Candidiasis

Pappas PG, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.

Neonatal Pneumonia

Nissen MD. Congenital and neonatal pneumonia. Paediatr Respir Rev 2007; 8:195.

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Kavanagh C, Uy NS. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;66(1):227-234 Bockenhauer D, Bichet DG. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2015 Oct;11(10):576-588

Neurocysticercosis

Cysticercosis, Pork Tapeworm, Tenia Solium Infection, Taenia solium, Taeniasis

Garg KR, Malhotra HS, Pandey S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 67, Issue 11, 1 December 2018,1796–1797.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Strawn JR, Keck PE Jr, Caroff SN. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;164(6):870-876. Picard LS, Lindsay S, Strawn JR, et al. Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome: diagnostic controversies and considerations. Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Apr;28(4):530-535.

Neuropathic Pain

Nerve Pain, Paresthesia, Peripheral Neuropathic Pain, Phantom Limb Syndrome

I Gilron, R Baron, T Jensen. Neuropathic pain: principles of diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(4):532–545. RB Fillingim, JD Loeser, R Baron, et al. Assessment of chronic pain: domains, methods, and mechanisms. J Pain. 2016;17(Suppl 9):T10–T20. RC Jones, E Lawson, M Backonja. Managing neuropathic pain. Med Clin North Am. 2016;100(1):151–167.

Neurosurgery Surgical Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2016; 58:63 Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Surg Infect 2013; 14:73

Neutropenic Enterocolitis

Typhlitis

Rolston KV, Bodey GP, Safdar A. Polymicrobial infection in patients with cancer: an underappreciated and underreported entity. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:228. Urbach DR, Rotstein OD. Typhlitis. Can J Surg 1999; 42:415.

Nocardia Brain Abscess

Wang HL. et al. Nocardiosis in 132 patients with cancer: microbiological and clinical analyses. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;142(4):513-523.

Non-Ischemic Priapism

JF Donaldson, RW Rees, HA Steinbrecher. Priapism in children: a comprehensive review and clinical guideline. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10(1):11–24. DK Montague, J Jarow, GA Broderick, et al; American Urological Association guideline on the management of priapism. J Urol. 2003;170(4 Pt 1):1318–1324. A Salonia, I Eardley, F Giuliano, et al. European Association of Urology guidelines on priapism. Eur Urol. 2014;65(2):480–489.

Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Keratitis

NTM Keratitis

Chu HS1, Hu FR. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Mar;19(3):221-226.

Non-Tunneled Catheters IV Line Infection

Lorente L. Antimicrobial-impregnated catheters for the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections. World J Crit Care Med. 2016;5(2):137–142. Mermel LA, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 49, Issue 1, 1 July 2009, Pages 1–45.

Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT)

Katritsis DG, Siontis GC, Camm AJ. Prognostic significance of ambulatory ECG monitoring for ventricular arrhythmias. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 Seo-Oct;56(2):133-142. Katritsis DG, Zareba W, Camm AJ. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Nov 13;60(20):1993-2004.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

NTM-PD

Nyctalopia

Night Blindness

Petzold A, Plant GT. Clinical disorders affecting mesopic vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2006 May;26(3):326-341 Hartong DT, Berson EL, Dryja TP. Retinitis pigmentosa. Lancet. 2006 Nov 18;368(9549):1795-1809

OB Gyn Surgical Prophylaxis

Obstetrical Gynecological Surgical Prophylaxis, OB-Gyn Surgical Prophylaxis

Bratzler DW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Feb 1;70(3):195-283.

Onychomycosis

Fingernail or Toenail Fungal Infections, Dermatophytes Infections, Trichophyton Rubrum, Trichophyton Entagrophytes

Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Hawke KL, van Driel ML. Oral Medications to Treat Toenail Fungal Infection. JAMA. 2018 Jan 23;319(4):397-398.

Opioid Induced Respiratory Depression

Opioid Overdose

Narcotic Overdoe, Heroin Overdose

Kerr D, Dietze P, Kelly AM. Intranasal naloxone for the treatment of suspected heroin overdose. Addiction. 2008 Mar;103(3):379-386. Whipple JK, Quebbeman EJ, Lewis KS, et al. Difficulties in diagnosing narcotic overdoses in hospitalized patients. Ann Pharmacother. 1994 Apr;28(4):446-450.

Optic Neuritis

Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer axonal loss and visual dysfunction in optic neuritis. Ann Neurol. 2005 Sep;58(3):383-391 Optic Neuritis Study Group. The clinical profile of optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 Dec;109(12):1673-1678 Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F, et al. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomized study. Lancet. 2001 May 19;357(9268):1576-1582.

Oral Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia

Sciubba JJ. Oral leukoplakia. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1995;6(2):147-160 Reibel J. Prognosis of oral premalignant lesions: significance of clinical, histopathological, and molecular biological characteristics. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(1):47-62

Orbital Cellulitis

Carlisle RT, Digiovanni J. Differential Diagnosis of the Swollen Red Eyelid. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jul 15;92(2):106-112.

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

Oral Thrush

Pappas PG, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis.2016.62:409.e1-e50.

Oroya Fever

Bartonella Infection, Carrion Disease

Rolain JM, Brouqui P, Koehler JE, et al. Recommendations for treatment of human infections caused by Bartonella species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:1921-1933 Prutsky G, Domecq JP, Mori L, et al. Treatment outcomes of human bartonellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17:e811-e819

Orthopedic Surgical Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2016; 58:63. Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Surg Infect 2013; 14:73.

Orthostatic Hypotension

Low PA. Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res. 2008 Mar;18 Suppl 1:8-13.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)

Tibial Apophysitis, Juvenile Osteochondrosis of Tibial Tubercle, Osgood Schlatter

Pihlajamäki HK, Mattila VM, Parviainen M, et al. Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of unresolved Osgood-Schlatter disease in young men. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:2350-2358 Gholve PA, Scher DM, Khakharia S, et al. Osgood Schlatter syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:44-50

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Osteoarthrosis, Degenerative Joint Disease, DJD

Hunter DJ, Felson DT. Osteoarthritis. BMJ. 2006;332:639-642. Sharma L, Kapoor D, Issa S. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006;18:147-156. Hunter DJ, Felson DT. Osteoarthritis. BMJ. 2006;332:639-642

Osteomalacia

Holick MF. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:353-373. Holick MF, Brinkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-1930

Osteomyelitis

Bone Infections, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, OI, OM

HS Fraimow. Systemic antimicrobial therapy in osteomyelitis. Semin Plast Surg. 2009;23(2):90–99. J Hatzenbuehler, TJ Pulling. Diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(9):1027–1033.

Osteoporosis (Men)

Watts NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP, et al. Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;97(6):1802-1822 Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Oct;25(10):2359-2381 Levis S, Theodore G. Summary of AHRQ's comparative effectiveness review of treatment to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis: update of the 2007 report. J Manag Care Pharm. 2012 May;18(4 Suppl B):S1-15

Osteoporosis (Women)

Watts NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP, et al. Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;97(6):1802-1822 Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Oct;25(10):2359-2381 Levis S, Theodore G. Summary of AHRQ's comparative effectiveness review of treatment to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis: update of the 2007 report. J Manag Care Pharm. 2012 May;18(4 Suppl B):S1-15

Otitis Externa

Swimmer's Ear, Outer Ear Infections, External Ear Infections

V Kaushik, T Malik, SR Saeed. Interventions for acute otitis externa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; RM Rosenfeld, SP Schwartz, CR Cannon, et al. Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(Suppl 1):S1–S24.

Pacemaker Defibrillator Infections

Sandoe JA1, Barlow G2, Chambers JB3, Gammage M4, Guleri A, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of implantable cardiac electronic device infection. Report of a joint Working Party project on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC, host organization), British Heart Rhythm Society (BHRS), British Cardiovascular Society (BCS), British Heart Valve Society (BHVS) and British Society for Echocardiography (BSE). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Feb;70(2):325-359.

Paget Disease

van Staa TP, Selby P, Leufkens HG, et al. Incidence and natural history of Paget's disease of bone in England and Wales. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Mar;17(3):465-471. Singer FR, Bone HG 3rd, Hosking DJ, et al. Paget's disease of bone: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:4408-4422.

Paraphimosis

Paraphymosis

Manjunath AS, Hofer MD. Urologic emergencies. Med Clin North Am. 2018 Mar;102(2):373-385 Rangarajan M, Jayakar SM. Paraphimosis revisited: is chronic paraphimosis a predominantly third world condition? Trop Doct. 2008 Jan;38(1):40-42

Parotitis

Parotid Swelling

Wilson KF, et al. Salivary gland disorders. Review Article. Am Fam Physician. 2014.Jun 1;89(11):882-888.

PCI and CABG Surgery Revascularization Treatment Flow

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery Revascularization Treatment Flow

Pediatric Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

PID

R Brunham, S Gottlieb, J Paavonen. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2039–2048. J Ross. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(10):725–726.

Pelvic Vein Thrombophlebitis, Suppurative (Septic)

Chapman E1, Reveiz L, Illanes E, Bonfill Cosp X. Antibiotic regimens for management of intra-amniotic infection. Review article. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 19;(12):CD010976.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Laine L, Jensen DM. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:345-360 Lazzaroni M, Bianchi Porro G. Gastrointestinal side-effects of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and new formulations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul;20(suppl 2):48-58.

Pericarditis, Acute and Recurrent

Perinephric Abscess

Hooton TM1, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, Saint S, Schaeffer AJ, Tambayh PA, Tenke P, Nicolle LE. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 1;50(5):625-663.

Perioperative Medication Management

Perioperative Medication Management (American Society of Anesthesiologists)

Perirectal Abscess

Anorectal Abscess

Nomikos IN. Anorectal abscesses: need for accurate anatomical localization of the disease. Clin Anat. 1997;10:239-244.

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement Surgical Prophylaxis

Margarita KuninEmail, et al. Intraperitoneal antibiotic administration for prevention of postoperative peritoneal catheter-related infections. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. April 2018,22(2);448–452.

Peritonitis

Bowel Perforation, Ruptured Appendix or Diverticula

Solomkin JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 15;50(2):133-164.

Peritonsillar Abscess

Powell EL, Powell J, Samuel JR, Wilson JA. A review of the pathogenesis of adult peritonsillar abscess: time for a re-evaluation. Review article. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Sep;68(9):1941-1950.

Pertussis

Whooping Cough, Bordetella Pertussis

K Wang, S Bettiol, MJ Thompson, et al. Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(9).

Pheochromocytoma

Paroxysmal Hypertension

Neumann HPH, Young WF Jr, Eng C. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 8;381(6):552-565. Lenders JW, Duh QY, Eisenhofer G, et al; Endocrine Society. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jun;99(6):1915-1942.

Phobias

Claustrophobia

Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-1059. Pull CB. Recent trends in the study of specific phobias. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;21(1):43-50.

Pilonidal Disease

Pilonidal Cyst, Pilonidal Sinus, Pilonidal Abscess

Karydakis GE. Easy and successful treatment of pilonidal sinus after explanation of its causative process. Aust N Z J Surg. 1992;62:385-389 Lee PJ, Raniga S, Biyani DK, et al. Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:639-652

Plantar Hyperhidrosis

Palmoplantar Hyperhidrosis, Generalized Hyperhidrosis, Excessive Sweating

Reisfeld R, Berliner KI. Evidence-based review of the nonsurgical management of hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):157-66 Baumgartner FJ. Surgical approaches and techniques in the management of severe hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):167-168

Plaque Psoriasis

Armstrong AW, Siegel MP, Bagel J, et al. From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Treatment targets for plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Feb;76(2):290-298. Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 3. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Apr;60(4):643-659

Plesiomonas Shigelloides

Khan AM, Faruque ASG, Hossain MS, Sattar S, Fuchs GJ, Salam MA. Plesiomonas shigelloides-associated diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children: a hospital-based surveillance study. J Trop Pediatr 2004;50:354-356. Stock I, Wiedemann B. Natural antimicrobial susceptibilities of Plesiomonas shigelloides strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:803-811

Pneumoconioses

Black Lung Disease, Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP)

McCanlies EC, Kreiss K, Andrew M, et al. HLA-DPB1 and chronic beryllium disease: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:388-398. Balmes JR, Abraham JL, Dweik RA, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: diagnosis and management of beryllium sensitivity and chronic beryllium disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:e34-e59

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

Pneumocystis carinii Infection, Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia

BJ Krajicek, CF Thomas, AH Limper. Pneumocystis pneumonia: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30(2):265–278. JA Kovacs, H Masur. Evolving health effects of Pneumocystis: one hundred years of progress in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA. 2009;301(24):2578–2585.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Hirsutism, Hyperandrogenic Anovulation

CR McCartney, JC Marshall. Clinical practice. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):54–64. R Azziz, E Carmina, D Dewailly, et al; for Task Force on the Phenotype of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome of The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(2):456–488.

Polymicrobial Necrotizing Fasciitis

Sartelli M, Malangoni MA, May AK, et al. World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2014 Nov 18;9(1):57.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)

Dejaco C, Singh YP, Perel P, et al; European League Against Rheumatism; American College of Rheumatology. 2015 recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:2569-2580 Nothnagl T, Leeb BF. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. Drugs Aging. 2006;23:391-402. Dasgupta B, Cimmino MA, Kremers HM, et al. 2012 Provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:943-954.

Post-exposure HIV Prophylaxis

Needle-stick Guideline, Occupational Post-exposure Prophylaxis

Ford N, Mayer KH; World Health Organization Postexposure Prophylaxis Guideline Development Group. World Health Organization guidelines on postexposure prophylaxis for HIV: recommendations for a public health approach. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(suppl 3):S161-S164.

Post-herpetic Neuralgia (PHN)

- Sanford M, Keating GM. Zoster vaccine (Zostavax): a review of its use in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Drugs Aging. 2010 Feb 1;27(2):159-176 Roxas M. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations. Altern Med Rev. 2006 Jun;11(2):102-13

Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting

PONV

Post-Operative Positive Gram Stain Wound Infection

Jones RN, et al. Contemporary potencies of minocycline and tetracycline HCL tested against Gram-positive pathogens: SENTRY Program results using CLSI and EUCAST breakpoint criteria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013:Apr;75(4):402-405.

Post-Operative, GI/GU, Negative Gram Stain Wound Infection

Stevens DL, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):147-159.

Post-Operative, Non-GI/Non-GU, Negative Gram Stain Wound Infection

Stevens DL, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):147-159.

Post-trauma Wound Infection

Sebeny PJ1, Riddle MS, Petersen K. Acinetobacter baumannii skin and soft-tissue infection associated with war trauma. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15;47(4):444-449.

Post-traumatic Brain Abscess

Post-surgical Brain Abscess

Patel K, Clifford DB. Bacterial brain abscess. Neurohospitalist. 2014;4(4):196-204.

Post-traumatic Endophthalmitis

Gokce G, Sobaci G, Ozgonul C. Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis: A Mini-Review. Review article. Semin Ophthalmol. 2015;30(5-6):470-474.

Postpartum Depression (PPD)

Mental Disorders of Mother, Postnatal Depression, Postpartum Blues

KP Hirst, CY Moutier. Postpartum major depression. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(8):926–933. LM Howard, E Boath, C Henshaw. Antidepressant prevention of postnatal depression. PLoS Med. 2006;3(10):e389. C Musters, E McDonald, I Jones. Management of postnatal depression. BMJ. 2008;337:a736. RC Ng, CK Hirata, W Yeung, et al. Pharmacologic treatment for postpartum depression: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(9):928–941.

Postpartum Infections

Endometritis, Endomyometritis, Endoparametritis, Metritis

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 120: use of prophylactic antibiotics in labor and delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(6):1472–1483. LM French, FM Smaill. Antibiotic regimens for endometritis after delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4)

Preeclampsia

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy: report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Nov;122(5):1122-31

Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC)

Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis

Excessive Axillary Sweating

Solish N, Wang R, Murray CA. Evaluating the patient presenting with hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):133-140. Baumgartner FJ, Bertin S, Konecny J. Superiority of thoracoscopic sympathectomy over medical management for the palmoplantar subset of severe hyperhidrosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):1-7. Gee S, Yamauchi PS. Nonsurgical management of hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):141-55.

Primary HYPERparathyroidism (PHPT)

Walker MD, Silverberg SJ. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;14(2):115-125 Khan AA, Hanley DA, Rizzoli R, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism: review and recommendations on evaluation, diagnosis, and management. A Canadian and international consensus. Osteoporos Int. 2017 Jan;28(1):1-19.

Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis

Solish N, Wang R, Murray CA. Evaluating the patient presenting with hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):133-140. Baumgartner FJ, Bertin S, Konecny J. Superiority of thoracoscopic sympathectomy over medical management for the palmoplantar subset of severe hyperhidrosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):1-7. Gee S, Yamauchi PS. Nonsurgical management of hyperhidrosis. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 May;18(2):141-155.

Primary Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)

Jalan R, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013. J Hepatol. 2014 Jun;60(6):1310-1324.

Prion Disease

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Mad Cow Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease, Fatal Familial Insomnia, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy

Prusiner SB. Shattuck lecture: neurodegenerative diseases and prions. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 17;344(20):1516-1526. Mastrianni JA, Roos RP. The prion diseases. Semin Neurol. 2000;20(3):337-352.

Prolonged Q-T Interval

LQTS, Long QT Interval

EM Kallergis, CA Goudis, EN Simantirakis, et al. Mechanisms, risk factors, and management of acquired long QT syndrome: a comprehensive review. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:212178. DJ Abrams, CA Macrae. Long QT syndrome. Circulation. 2014;129(14):1524–1529. CJ Clarke, GM McDaniel. The risk of long QT syndrome in the pediatric population. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21(5):573–578. PJ Schwartz, RL Woosley. Predicting the unpredictable: drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(13):1639–1650. PJ Schwartz, L Crotti, R Insolia. Long-QT syndrome: from genetics to management. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(4):868–877.

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aloush V, Navon-Venezia S, Seigman-Igra Y, Cabili S, Carmeli Y. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors and clinical impact. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jan. 50 (1):43-48.

Psoriatic Arthritis

Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, et al. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug;54(8):2665-2673 Coates LC, Kavanaugh A, Ritchlin CT; GRAPPA Treatment Guideline Committee. Systematic review of treatments for psoriatic arthritis: 2014 update for the GRAPPA. J Rheumatol. 2014 Nov;41(11):2273-2276 Ritchlin CT. Psoriatic disease from skin to bone. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Dec;3(12):698-706.

Psychogenic Polydipsia

Water Intoxication

Verghese C, De Leon J, Josiassen RC. Problems and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of polydipsia and hyponatremia. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(3):455-464 de Leon J, Verghese C, Tracy JI, et al. Polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric patients: a review of the epidemiological literature. Biol Psychiatry. 1994 Mar 15;35(6):408-419

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

Perfect JR et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1. 50(3):291-322. Chayakulkeeree M, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Sep;20(3):507-544. Jarvis JN, Harrison TS. Pulmonary cryptococcosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;29:141-150. Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al; American Thoracic Society. An official American Thoracic Society statement: Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:96-128.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Pulmonary Embolism (Pediatrics)

PE

Catherine Ross, MD , Riten Kumar, MD, Marie-Claude Pelland-Marcotte, MD, Francis Fynn-Thompson, MD, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, MD, Leonardo R. Brandão, MD PULMONARY VASCULAR: CHEST REVIEWS| VOLUME 161, ISSUE 3, P791-802,

Pustular Psoriasis

Armstrong AW, Siegel MP, Bagel J, et al. From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Treatment targets for plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Feb;76(2):290-298. Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 3. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Apr;60(4):643-659

Pyelonephritis

Infectious Cystitis, Kidney Infections

SS Takhar, GJ Moran. Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in the emergency department and outpatient settings. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014;28(1):33–48. A Wang, P Nizran, MA Malone, et al. Urinary tract infections. Prim Care. 2013;40(3):687–706.

Pyloric Stenosis

Aspelund G, Langer JC. Current management of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007 Feb;16(1):27-33. Touloukian RJ, Higgins E. The spectrum of serum electrolytes in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr Surg. 1983 Aug;18(4):394-397.

Pyomyositis

Stevens DL, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014.

Q Fever

Coxiella Burnetii Infection, Q-Fever

Eldin C, Mélenotte C, Mediannikov O, et al. From Q fever to Coxiella burnetii infection: a paradigm change. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Jan;30(1):115-190.

Rabies

CE Rupprecht, D Briggs, CM Brown, et al; for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-2):1–9. SE Manning, CE Rupprecht, D Fishbein, et al; for Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human rabies prevention—United States, 2008: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57(RR-3):1–28.

Rape Crisis Syndrome

Rape Trauma, Sexual Abuse, Sexual Assault

KA Workowski, Prevention Bolan G; for Centers for Disease Control and. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(RR-03):1–137. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Updated Guidelines for Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV—United States, 2016. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine. Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Assessment of the Evidence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2008. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 152: emergency contraception. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(3):e1–e11.

Rapid Sequence Induction

Drugs for Rapid Sequence Induction, Intubation, Pediatric Rapid Sequence Intubation

Recurrent Atrial Flutter

Atrial Flutter Failure of Elective Cardioversion

Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:e27-e115. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76.

Recurrent Gout

Hyperuricemia

Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet. 2010;375:318-328. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1093-1103.

Refeeding Syndrome (RFS)

Reiter's Syndrome

Reactive Arthritis, Circinate Balanitis, Urethro-oculo-articular Syndrome

Parker CT, Thomas D. Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000;100:101-104. García-Kutzbach A, et al. Reactive arthritis: update 2018. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Apr. 37 (4):869-874.

Relapsing Fever

Tickborne relapsing fever (TBRF), Louse-borne Relapsing Fever (LBRF)

Dworkin MS, Schwan TG, Anderson DE Jr, Borchardt SM. Tick-borne relapsing fever. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008 Sep. 22(3):449-468. Barbour AG. Antigenic variation of a relapsing fever Borrelia species. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1990. 44:155-1571

Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS)

Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS), Fibromuscular Dysplasia, Renovascular Hypertension

Gornik HL, Persu A, Adlam D, et al. First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia. Vasc Med. 2019 Jan 16;24(2):164-189 Parikh SA, Shishehbor MH, Gray BH, et al. SCAI expert consensus statement for renal artery stenting appropriate use. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014 Dec 1;84(7):1163-1171 Gornik HL, Persu A, Adlam D, et al. First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia. Vasc Med. 2019 Jan 16;24(2):164-189

Resistant Hypertension

Resistant Blood Pressure

Respiratory Failure

Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

RSV

Anderson EJ, Krilov LR, DeVincenzo JP, Checchia PA, Halasa N, Simões EA, et al. SENTINEL1: An Observational Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among U.S. Infants Born at 29 to 35 Weeks' Gestational Age Not Receiving Immunoprophylaxis. Am J Perinatol. 2017 Jan. 34 (1):51-61. Leader S, Kohlhase K. Recent trends in severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among US infants, 1997 to 2000. J Pediatr. 2003 Nov. 143(5 Suppl):S127-32.

Reversal of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC) Bleeding

Reye Syndrome

Reye's Syndrome

Belay ED, Bresee JS, Holman RC, et al. Reye's syndrome in the United States from 1981 through 1997. N Engl J Med. 1999 May 6;340(18):1377-1382. Hurwitz ES, Nelson DB, Davis C, et al. National surveillance for Reye syndrome: a five-year review. Pediatrics. 1982 Dec;70(6):895-900.

Rh Incompatibility

Fung Kee Fung K, Eason E, Crane J, et al. Prevention of Rh alloimmunization. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2003 Sep;25(9):765-773.

Rhabdomyolysis

R Parekh, DA Care, CR Tainter. Rhabdomyolysis: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Emerg Med Pract. 2012;14(3):1–15. X Bosch, E Poch, JM Grau. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):62–72.

Rheumatic Fever

Acute Rheumatic Heart Disease, Acute Rheumatic Pericarditis, ARF, Inflammatory Rheumatism

RH Webb, C Grant, A Harnden. Acute rheumatic fever. BMJ. 2015;351:h3443. ST Shulman, AL Bisno, HW Clegg, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(10):1279–1282.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, et al. 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Jan;68(1):1-26 Anderson J, Caplan L, Yazdany J, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures: American College of Rheumatology recommendations for use in clinical practice. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 May;64(5):640-647

Rhinosinusitis, Chronic

Chronic RhinoSinusitis (CRS)

Rickets

Infantile Osteomalacia

Wagner CL, Greer FR. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122(5):1142-1152 Alizadeh Naderi AS, Reilly RF. Hereditary disorders of renal phosphate wasting. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Nov;6(11):657-665.

RiTUXimab Premedications

Rituxan Premedications

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

RMSF, Rickettsial Infections, Tickborne Disease

R Fang, LS Blanton, DH Walker. Rickettsiae as emerging infectious agents. Clin Lab Med. 2017;37(2):383–400.

Rosacea

Acne Rosacea, Rhinophyma

Gallo RL, Granstein RD, Kang S, et al. Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: the 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Jan;78(1):148-155 Gupta AK, Chaudhry MM. Rosacea and its management: an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005 May;19(3):273-85.

Rotor Syndrome

Hyperbilirubinemia, Excessive Bilirubin

Adachi Y, Yamamoto T. Partial defect in hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity in a case of Rotor's syndrome. Gastroenterol Jpn. 1987;22:34-38 - Rotor AB, Manahan L, Florentin A. Familial non-hemolytic jaundice with direct Van Den Bergh reaction. Acta Med Phil. 1948;5:37-49.

Rubella

Anon. Rubella. In: Atkinson W, Wolfe S, Hamborsky J, et al, eds. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. The pink book: course textbook, 11 ed. Washington, DC: Public Health Foundation; 2009:257-272. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella (German measles): 2010 case definition. May 2014. http://www.cdc.gov

Salicylate Poisoning

Aspirin Overdose, ASA overdose

Dargan PI, Wallace CI, Jones AL. An evidence based flowchart to guide the management of acute salicylate (aspirin) overdose. Emerg Med J. 2002;19:206-209. Chyka PA, Erdman AR, Christianson G, et al. Salicylate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45:95-131.

Salmonella Infection

Enteric Infections, Gastroenteritis, Salmonellosis

HL DuPont. Clinical practice. Bacterial diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(16):1560–1569. D Hurley, MP McCusker, S Fanning, et al. Salmonella–host interactions—modulation of the host innate immune system. Front Immunol. 2014;5:481.

San Joaquin Valley Fever

Coccidioidomycosis, Valley Fever, Desert Rheumatism

Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):e112-146.

Sarcoidosis

Lupus Pernio, Lofgren's Syndrome, Lofgren Syndrome, Lofgrens Syndrome, Heerfordt Syndrome, Uveoparotid Fever

Lynch JP 3rd. Computed tomographic scanning in sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;24:393-418.

Scarlet Fever

MG Kalra, KE Higgins, ED Perez. Common questions about streptococcal pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician. 2016;94(1):24–31. ST Shulman, AL Bisno, HW Clegg, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(10):1279–1282.

Schistosomiasis

Bilharziasis, Katayama Fever

King CH. Schistosomiasis. In: Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical infectious diseases: principles, pathogens and practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2001:1341-1348. Mutapi F, Maizels R, Fenwick A, et al. Human schistosomiasis in the post mass drug administration era. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Feb;17(2):e42-e48.

Sciatica

Low Back Pain

Seasonal Influenza Infection

Flu, Influenza

Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, Walter EB, Fry AM, Jernigan DB. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2018-19 Influenza Season. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2018 Aug 24. 67 (3):1-20.

Secondary Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Secondary HUS due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Banatvala N, Griffin PM, Greene KD, et al. The United States national prospective hemolytic uremic syndrome study: microbiologic, serologic, clinical and epidemiologic findings. J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 1;183(7):1063-1070 Fakhouri F, Zuber J, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, et al. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet. 2017 Aug 12;390(10095):681-696

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Eknoyan G, Levin A, Levin NW; National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines: bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Oct;42(4 Suppl 3):S1-201 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO 2017 clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl. 2017;7:1-59

Self Harm or Suicide

Sepsis (Adults and Pediatrics)

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-810. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-377.

Sepsis (Neonatal)

van den Hoogen A, Gerards LJ, Verboon-Maciolek MA, Fleer A, Krediet TG. Long-term trends in the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic susceptibility of causative agents. Neonatology. 2010. 97(1):22-28. Arnon S, Litmanovitz I. Diagnostic tests in neonatal sepsis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun. 21(3):223-227 Hawk M. C-reactive protein in neonatal sepsis. Neonatal Netw. 2008 Mar-Apr. 27(2):117-120.

Septic Arthritis

Joint Sepsis

CR Carpenter, JD Schuur, WW Everett, et al. Evidence-based diagnostics: adult septic arthritis. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(8):781–796. C Liu, A Bayer, SE Cosgrove, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):e18–e55.

Septic Bursitis

Gomez-Rodriguez N, Mendez-Garcia MJ, Ferreiro-Seoane JL, et al. Infectious bursitis: study of 40 cases in the pre-patellar and olecranon regions [in Spanish]. Enferm Infec Microbiol Clin. 1997 May;15(5):237-242 Small LN, Ross JJ. Suppurative tenosynovitis and septic bursitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005 Dec;19(4):991-1005

Septic Pneumococcal Arthritis

Streptococcal PeriProsthetic Joint Infection

Lora-Tamayo J, et al. The Not-So-Good Prognosis of Streptococcal Periprosthetic Joint Infection Managed by Implant Retention: The Results of a Large Multicenter Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017.

Serotonin Syndrome

SSRI Poisoning

EW Boyer, M Shannon. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(11):1112–1120. GK Isbister, NA Buckley, IM Whyte. Serotonin toxicity: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Med J Aust. 2007;187(6):361–365. KJ McAllen, DR Schwartz. Adverse drug reactions resulting in hyperthermia in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(Suppl 6):S244–S252. K Nordstrom, GM Vilke, MP Wilson. Psychiatric emergencies for clinicians: emergency department management of serotonin syndrome. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(1):89–91.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SARS, SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1

Christian MD, Poutanen SM, Loutfy MR, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1420-1427. Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, et al. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet. 2003;361:1767-1772

Shiga Toxin-producing E. Coli Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

STEC HUS, Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia Coli Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Banatvala N, Griffin PM, Greene KD, et al. The United States national prospective hemolytic uremic syndrome study: microbiologic, serologic, clinical and epidemiologic findings. J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 1;183(7):1063-1070 Fakhouri F, Zuber J, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, et al. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet. 2017 Aug 12;390(10095):681-696

Shigella Infection

Baer JT, Vugia DJ, Reingold AL, et al. HIV infection as a risk factor for shigellosis. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5:820. Angulo FJ, Swerdlow DL. Bacterial enteric infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21 Suppl 1:S84.

Sialadenitis

Salivary Gland Inflammation

Fattahi TT, Lyu PE, Van Sickels JE. Management of acute suppurative parotitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:446-448. Singh SA, Singhal N. Suppurative submandibular sialadenitis in a preterm infant. Int J Pediatr Otothinolaryngol. 2004;68:593-595.

Sinusitis

RM Rosenfeld, JF Piccirillo, SS Chandrasekhar, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(Suppl 2):S1–S39. A Ahovuo-Saloranta, UM Rautakorpi, OV Borisenko, et al. Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014.

Sjogren's Syndrome

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, Dry Eye Syndrome, Dry Mouth Syndrome, Xerostomia

Nocturne G, Mariette X. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013 Sep;9(9):544-556 Fox RI. Sjogren's syndrome. Lancet. 2005 Jul 23-29;366(9482):321-331

Smallpox

Breman JG, Henderson DA. Diagnosis and management of smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 25. 346 (17):1300-1308. Grosenbach DW, Honeychurch K, Rose EA, Chinsangaram J, Frimm A, Maiti B, et al. Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 5.379(1):44-53.

Smoking Cessation

Barua RS, Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, et al. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 5;72(25):3332-3365 Bader P, McDonald P, Selby P. An algorithm for tailoring pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: results from a Delphi panel of international experts. Tob Control. 2009 Feb;18(1):34-42 Aveyard P, Begh R, Parsons A, et al. Brief opportunistic smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare advice to quit and offer of assistance. Addiction. 2012 Jun;107(6):1066-1073.

Snake Bite

Rattlesnake, Snake Venom, Snake Envenomation, Crotalid Venom, Pit Viper Venom, Elapid Venom

Sanchez EE, Lopez-Johnston JC, Rodríguez-Acosta A, et al. Neutralization of two North American coral snake venoms with United States and Mexican antivenoms. Toxicon. 2008 Feb;51(2):297-303. Lavonas EJ, Ruha AM, Banner W, et al. Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop. BMC Emerg Med. 2011 Feb 3;11:2

Spinal Epidural Abscess (SEA)

Spinal Cord Infection, Spinal Osteomyelitis, Discitis

Tompkins M, Panuncialman I, Lucas P, Palumbo M. Spinal epidural abscess. J Emerg Med. 2010 Sep;39(3):384-390. Sendi P, Bregenzer T, Zimmerli W. Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice. QJM. 2008 Jan;101(1):1-12

Splenic Abscess

Zerem E, Bergsland J. Ultrasound guided percutaneous treatment for splenic abscesses: the significance in treatment of critically ill patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Dec 7. 12 (45):7341-7345. Smyrniotis V, Kehagias D, Voros D, Fotopoulos A, Lambrou A, Kostopanagiotou G, et al. Splenic abscess. An old disease with new interest. Dig Surg. 2000. 17 (4):354-357.

Spondyloarthritis

Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Sporotrichosis

Kauffman CA, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;45(10):1255-1265.

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Staphylococcal TSS

Parsonnet J, et al. Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 producing Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of antibodies to this superantigen in menstruating women. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Sep;43(9):4628-4634. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-377.

Staphylococcus Aureus Necrotizing Fasciitis

Sartelli M, Malangoni MA, May AK, et al. World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2014 Nov 18;9(1):57.

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Becker K, Heilmann C, Peters G. Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:870. Chu VH, Woods CW, Miro JM, et al. Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a cause of native valve endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:232.

Staphylococcus Lugdunensis

McHardy IH, Veltman J, Hindler J, Bruxvoort K, Carvalho MM, Humphries RM. Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of β-Lactam Resistance in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J Clin Microbiol. 2017 Feb;55(2):585-595.

Status Epilepticus, Convulsive (Adults)

Acute Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (GTCS), Grand Mal Seizure, Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus, Acute Generalized Seizure

Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth GS, et al. Evidence-based guideline: management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults. Neurology. 2015:21;84(16):1705-1713. Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61.

Status Epilepticus, Convulsive (Pediatrics)

Acute Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (GTCS), Grand Mal Seizure, Status Epilepticus, Convulsive, Acute Generalized Seizure

Nordli DR Jr. Idiopathic generalized epilepsies recognized by the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005;46(suppl 9):48-56 Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2018 Jul 10;91(2):74-81.

Status Epilepticus, Non-Convulsive

Complex Partial Seizure, Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus

Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth GS, et al. Evidence-based guideline: management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults. Neurology. 2015:21;84(16):1705-1713. Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Erythema Multiforme Major, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), Drug-Induced Skin Reaction

Dodiuk-Gad RP, Chung WH, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015 Dec;16(6):475-493 Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B, Stern RS, et al. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol. 1993 Jan;129(1):92-96

Still’s Disease

Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis

Kihiczak GG, Schwartz RA, Kapila R. Necrotizing fasciitis: a deadly infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Apr;20(4):365-369 Green RJ, Dafoe DC, Raffin TA. Necrotizing fasciitis. Chest. 1996 Jul;110(1):219-229. Endorf FW, Cancio LC, Klein MB. Necrotizing soft-tissue infections: clinical guidelines. J Burn Care Res. 2009 Sep-Oct;30(5):769-775.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Strep Throat, Tonsillitis, Group A Streptococcus (GAS) Pharyngitis

Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 15;55(10):e86-102.

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Streptococcal TTS

Stevens DL. Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome: spectrum of disease, pathogenesis, and new concepts in treatment. Emerg Infect Dis. 1995 Jul-Sep;1(3):69-78.

Stye Hordeolum

Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K. Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum. Review article. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 9;1.

Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis

Hyperthyroidism

Pearce EN, Farwell AP, Braverman LE. Thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2646-2655. Bindra A, Braunstein GD. Thyroiditis. Am Fam Physician. 2006 May 15;73(10):1769-1776.

Subdural Empyema

Osborn MK, Steinberg JP. Subdural empyema and other suppurative complications of paranasal sinusitis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Jan;7(1):62-67.

Submersion Injury

Nonfatal Drowning

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unintentional drowning: get the facts. http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Water-Safety/waterinjuries-factsheet.html/ T Mott, K Latimer. Prevention and treatment of drowning. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(7):576–582.

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

H Nasr, JM Scriven. Superficial thrombophlebitis (superficial venous thrombosis). BMJ. 2015; 350:h2039. H Decousus, M Epinat, K Guillot, et al. Superficial vein thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003;9(5):393–397.

Swine Influenza

H1N1 Influenza

CDC. Interim Guidance for Clinicians on the Prevention and Treatment of Swine-Origin Influenza Virus Infection in Young Children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/childrentreatment.htm. CDC. Interim Guidance on Specimen Collection and Processing for Patients with Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/specimencollection.htm.

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

SIADH

DH Ellison, T Berl. Clinical practice. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(20):2064–2072. HJ Adrogué, NE Madias. The challenge of hyponatremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(7):1140–1148.

Syphilis Infection

Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for syphilis infection in pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 19;150(10):705-709

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Bertsias GK, Ioannidis JPA, Aringer M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for clinical affairs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Dec;69(12):2074-2082 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 2018

Takayasu Arteritis

Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Medium- and large-vessel vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):160-169 Kissin EY, Merkel PA. Diagnostic imaging in Takayasu arteritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004 Jan;16(1):31-37 Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jan;65(1):1-11

Tinea Barbae, Tinea Manuum

Dermatophyte Infections, Fungal Infections, Tinea Onychomycosis

Ameen M, Lear JT, Madan V, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Nov;171(5):937-958.

Tinea Capitis

Dermatophyte Infections, Fungal Infections, Tinea Onychomycosis

Fuller LC, Barton RC, Mohd Mustapa MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of tinea capitis 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Sep;171(3):454-463. Kakourou T, Uksal U; European Society for Pediatric Dermatology. Guidelines for the management of tinea capitis in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010 May-Jun;27(3):226-268.

Tinea Corporis, Tinea Cruris

Dermatophyte Infections, Fungal Infections, Tinea Onychomycosis

Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, et al. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. Guidelines/Outcomes Committee. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Feb;34(2 Pt 1):282-286. Ameen M, Lear JT, Madan V, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Nov;171(5):937-958.

Tinea Pedis

Dermatophyte Infections, Fungal Infections, Tinea Onychomycosis

Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, et al. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. Guidelines/Outcomes Committee. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Feb;34(2 Pt 1):282-286. Ameen M, Lear JT, Madan V, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Nov;171(5):937-958.

Tinea Unguium

Dermatophyte Infections, Fungal Infections, Tinea Onychomycosis

Ameen M, Lear JT, Madan V, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Nov;171(5):937-958

Tinnitus

Ear Ringing

Henry JA, Dennis KC, Schechter MA. General review of tinnitus: prevalence, mechanisms, effects, and management. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Oct;48(5):1204-1235. Noell CA, Meyerhoff WL. Tinnitus. Diagnosis and treatment of this elusive symptom. Geriatrics. 2003 Feb;58(2):28-34

Torsade de Pointes

Pacha O, Kadikoy H, Amro M, Haque W, Abdellatif A. Torsades de pointes and prolonged QT syndrome in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2012 Aug. 13(8):536-540. Dobesh PP, Trujillo TC. Ranolazine: a new option in the management of chronic stable angina. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Dec. 27(12):1659-1676.

Tourette Syndrome

Tic disorder

Keen-Kim D, Freimer NB. Genetics and epidemiology of Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2006;21:665-671. Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Garcia-Ruiz PJ. Pharmacological options for the treatment of Tourette's disorder. Drugs. 2001;61:2207-2220.

Toxic Thyroid Adenoma

Hyperthyroidism

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-421. Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-639.

Toxoplasmosis

T. gondii Infections

P Alday, J Doggett. Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:273–293. JG Montoya, O Liesenfeld. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 2004;363(9425):1965–1976.

Tracheal Intubation

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Decision Tree Algorithm

Transfusion Reaction

Kuriyan M, Carson JL. Blood transfusion risks in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin. 2004 Apr;20(2):237-253

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Cerebral Infarction with Transient Signs, CITS, Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit, RIND, Acute Neurologic Syndrome, Amaurosis Fugax

Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018 Mar;49(3):e46-110 Hao Q, Tampi M, O'Donnell M, et al. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for acute minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018 Dec 18;363:k5108

Transient Stress Cardiomyopathy (TSC)

Broken Heart Syndrome, Stress Induced Cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo Syndrome

KA Bybee, A Prasad. Stress-related cardiomyopathy syndromes. Circulation. 2008;118(4):397–409. TP Fitzgibbons, C Madias, A Seth, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of right ventricular dysfunction in transient stress cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(1):133–136. C Templin, JR Ghadri, J Diekmann, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(10):929–938. C Madias, TP Fitzgibbons, AA Alsheikh-Ali, et al. Acquired long QT syndrome from stress cardiomyopathy is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and torsades de pointes. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(4):555–561. MS Randhawa, AS Dhillon, HC Taylor, et al. Diagnostic utility of cardiac biomarkers in discriminating takotsubo cardiomyopathy from acute myocardial infarction. J Card Fail. 2014;20(1):2–8.

Transient Synovitis of the Hip

Kermond S, Fink M, Graham K, et al. A randomized clinical trial: should the child with transient synovitis of the hip be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Sep;40(3):294-299.

Trench Fever

Quintana Fever, 5-day Fever, Shinbone Fever, Shank Fever, His-Werner Disease, Wolhynian Fever, Pediculus Humanus

Foucault C, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Bartonella quintana characteristics and clinical management. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:217. Ohl ME, Spach DH. Bartonella quintana and urban trench fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jul;31(1):131-5. Pathogenicity and treatment of Bartonella infections. Angelakis E, Raoult D. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Jul;44(1):16-25.

Treponema Pallidum

Yaws

Mitja O, et al. Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for yaws. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 19;372(8):703-710. Mitjà O, et al. New treatment schemes for yaws: the path toward eradication. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Aug;55(3):406-412.

Trichomoniasis

Urogenital Trichomoniasis, Trichomonal Urethritis, Trichomonal Vulvovaginitis

BJ Silver, RJ Guy, JM Kaldor, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of perinatal morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41(6):369–376. M Sutton, M Sternberg, EH Koumans, et al. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001–2004. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(10):1319–1326. KA Wendel, KA Workowski. Trichomoniasis: challenges to appropriate management. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Suppl 3):S123–S129.

Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose

Tricyclic Overdose, TCA Overdose

Henry JA, Alexander CA, Sener EK. Relative mortality from overdose of antidepressants. BMJ. 1995;310:221-224. Thanacoody HK, Thomas SH. Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning: cardiovascular toxicity. Toxicol Rev. 2005. 24(3):205-14.

Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)

Tic Douloureux

Eller JL, Raslan AM, Burchiel KJ. Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification. Neurosurg Focus. 2005 May 15;18(5):E3 Cruccu G, Gronseth G, Alksne J, et al. AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management. Eur J Neurol. 2008 Oct;15(10):1013-1028 Cruccu G, Sommer C, Anand P, et al. EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment: revised 2009. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17(8):1010-1018

Tuberculosis (TB)

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections, Active TB

World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2016. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr2016_main_text.pdf?ua=1 KM Schmit, Z Wansaula, R Pratt, et al. Tuberculosis - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(11):289–294. D Lewinsohn, M Leonard, PA LoBue, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(2):e1–e33. P Nahid, SE Dorman, N Alipanah, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):e147–e195. Kv Luong, LT Nguyen. Impact of vitamin D in the treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Med Sci. 2011;341(6):493–498.

Tularemia

Francisella Tularensis

Nigrovic LE, Wingerter SL. Tularemia. Review article. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008 Sep;22(3):489-504. Hofinger DM, Cardona L, Mertz GJ, Davis LE. Tularemic meningitis in the United States. Arch Neurol. 2009 Apr;66(4):523-527.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Cairo MS, Bishop M. Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification. Br J Haematol. 2004 Oct;127(1):3-11. Hande KR, Garrow GC. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Med. 1993 Feb;94(2):133-139.

Tunneled Catheters IV Line Infection

Mermel LA, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases. Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1):1-45.

Typhus Fevers

Brill's Disease, Murine Typhus, Rickettsial Infections, Scrub Typhus

R Fang, LS Blanton, DH Walker. Rickettsiae as emerging infectious agents. Clin Lab Med. 2017; 37(2):383–400. EF Hendershot, DJ Sexton. Scrub typhus and rickettsial diseases in international travelers: a review. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009;11(1):66–72. KO Murray, N Evert, B Mayes, et al. Typhus group rickettsiosis, Texas, USA, 2003–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):645–648.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Acute Cystitis, Male UTI

B Foxman. Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014;28(1):1–13. JJ Koeijers, A Verbon, AG Kessels, et al. Urinary tract infection in male general practice patients: uropathogens and antibiotic susceptibility. Urology. 2010;76(2):336–340.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Catheter-Associated

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in Women

Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women

Urologic Surgical Prophylaxis

Cystoscopy and Prostate Biopsy

Wolf JS Jr, et al. Best practice policy statement on urologic surgery antimicrobial prophylaxis. J Urol. 2008 Apr;179(4):1379-1390.

Urticaria

Hives, Wheals

JA Bernstein, DM Lang, DA Khan, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1270–1277. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Five things physicians and patients should question. http://www.choosingwisely.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/AAAAI-Choosing-Wisely-List026f.

Uveitis

Iridocyclitis

Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RD, Rosenbaum JT; Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:509-516. Kempen JH, Altaweel MM, Holbrook JT, et al; Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial Research Group. Randomized comparison of systemic anti-inflammatory therapy versus fluocinolone acetonide implant for intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis: the multicenter uveitis steroid treatment trial. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:1916-1926. [Erratum in: Ophthalmology. 2012;119:212.

Variceal Bleeding Cirrhosis

Moon AM, Dominitz JA, Ioannou GN, Lowy E3, Beste LA. Use of Antibiotics Among Patients With Cirrhosis and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Is Associated With Reduced Mortality. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Nov;14(11):1629-1637.

Varicella Zoster Encephalitis

VZV Encephalitis

Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):303-327. Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015 Jan 27;84(4):359-366.

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Chickenpox, Human Herpesvirus 3, Varicella-Zoster Virus

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notice readers: final 2015 reports of nationally notifiable infectious diseases and conditions. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(46):1306–1321. M Marin, D Güris, SS Chaves, et al. Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007;56(RR-4):1–40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated recommendations for use of VariZig—United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(28):574–576.

Vascular Dementia

Multi-infarct Dementia, Arteriosclerotic Dementia

Bowler JV. Modern concept of vascular cognitive impairment. Br Med Bull. 2007;83:291-305. Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, et al. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke. 2006;37:2220-2241

Ventricular Assist Device Infection

VAD Infection, Left Ventricular Assist Device–Associated Infections

Nienaber JC. Clinical Manifestations and Management of Left Ventricular Assist Device–Associated Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2013 Nov 15;57(10):1438–1448.

Verruca Vulgaris

Common Warts

Lipke MM. An armamentarium of wart treatments. Clin Med Res. 2006;4:273-293 Gibbs S, Harvey I, Sterling J, et al. Local treatments for cutaneous warts: systematic review. BMJ. 2002;325:461

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

Spread of Pacific Northwest Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain. Martinez-Urtaza J, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013. Oct 17;369(16):1573-1574.

Vibrio Vulnificus

Vibrio Alginolyticus, Vibrio Amsela

Chen SC, et al. Antibiotic therapy for necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus: retrospective analysis of an 8 year period. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Feb;67(2):488-493.

Vibrio Vulnificus Necrotizing Fasciitis

Sartelli M, Malangoni MA, May AK, et al. World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2014 Nov 18;9(1):57.

Viral Croup

Laryngotracheobronchitis

CL Bjornson, DW Johnson. Croup in children. CMAJ. 2013;185(15):1317–1323. JD Cherry. Clinical practice. Croup. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(4):384–391.

Viral Gastroenteritis (Adults)

Clark B, McKendrick M. A review of viral gastroenteritis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;17(5):461-469. Hall AJ, Vinjé J, Lopman B, et al. Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: updated norovirus outbreak management and disease prevention guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011 Mar 4;60(RR-3):1-18

Viral Gastroenteritis (Pediatrics)

Leung AK, Kellner JD, Davies HD. Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Adv Ther. 2005 Sep-Oct;22(5):476-487 Leung A, Prince T; Canadian Paediatric Society. Oral rehydration therapy and early refeeding in the management of childhood gastroenteritis. Paediatr Child Health. 2006 Nov;11(8):527-531 King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, et al. Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Nov 21;52(RR-16):1-16

Viral Labyrinthitis

Viral Inner Ear Inflammation

Aminpour S, Tinling SP, Brodie HA. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sensorineural hearing loss after bacterial meningitis. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:602-609. Lindeman RC. Acute labyrinthine disorders. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1979;12:375-387.

Viral Meningitis

Aseptic Meningitis

Desmond RA, Accortt NA, Talley L, Villano SA, Soong SJ, Whitley RJ. Enteroviral meningitis: natural history and outcome of pleconaril therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jul. 50(7):2409-2414.

Viral Pharyngitis

Singh S, Dolan JG, Centor RM. Optimal management of adults with pharyngitis--a multi-criteria decision analysis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2006 Mar 13. 6:14. Bisno AL. Acute pharyngitis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 18. 344(3):205-211.

Vitamin B1 Deficiency

Thiamine Deficiency

Stanga Z, Brunner A, Leuenberger M, et al. Nutrition in clinical practice - the refeeding syndrome: illustrative cases and guidelines for prevention and treatment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;62(6):687-694.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Pernicious Anemia, B12 Deficiency, Cobalamin Deficiency, Cyanocobalamin Deficiency

Devalia V, Hamilton MS, Molloy AM; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders. Br J Haematol. 2014 Aug;166(4):496-513.

Vitamin B3 Deficiency

Pellagra, Niacin Deficiency

Strumia R. Dermatologic signs in patients with eating disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(3):165-173 Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy Press; 1998

Vitamin C Deficiency

Scurvy, Ascorbic Acid Deficiency

Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ. Adult scurvy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 Dec;41(6):895-906 McCall SJ, Clark AB, Luben RN, et al. Plasma Vitamin C Levels: Risk Factors for Deficiency and Association with Self-Reported Functional Health in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 9;11(7):

Vitamin D Deficiency

Hossein-Nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Jul;88(7):720-755 Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul;96(7):1911-1930

von Gierke Disease (vGD)

Type 1 Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD I)

Chou JY, Jun HS, Mansfield BC. Glycogen storage disease type 1 and G6Pase-beta deficiency: etiology and therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6:676-688 Wolfsdorf JI, Crigler JF. Effect of continuous glucose therapy begun in infancy on the long-term clinical course of patients with type I glycogen storage disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999;29:136-143

von Willebrand Disease (vWD)

Sadler JE, Budde U, Eikenboom JC, et al. Update on the pathophysiology and classification of von Willebrand disease: a report of the subcommittee on von Willebrand factor. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Oct;4(10):2103-2114 Tosetto A, Rodeghiero F, Castaman G, et al. A quantitative analysis of bleeding symptoms in type 1 von Willebrand disease: results from a multicenter European study (MCMDM-1 vWD). J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Apr;4(4):766-773.

Wegener's Granulomatosis

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. March 2009. 68:310-317. Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, et al. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s): an alternative name for Wegener’s granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011. 70:704. Hoffman GS, Kerr GS, Leavitt RY, et al. Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Mar 15. 116(6):488-498.

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Hoffman RS. Antidotes in Depth. In: Hoffman RS, Howland M, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR. eds. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e; 2015 Donnino MW et al. Myths and Misconceptions of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: What Every Emergency Physician Should Know. Ann Emerg Med 2007; 50: 715-21.

West Nile Virus (WNV)

Hayes EB, Sejvar JJ, Zaki SR, et al. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1174-1179 Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, et al. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:519-529.

Whipple's Disease

Arnold CA, Moreira RK, Lam-Himlin D, De Petris G, Montgomery E. Whipple disease a century after the initial description: increased recognition of unusual presentations, autoimmune comorbidities, and therapy effects. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012 Jul. 36(7):1066-73. Marth T, Schneider T. Whipple disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 Mar. 24(2):141-8. Marth T. Tropheryma whipplei, immunosuppression and Whipple's disease: from a low-pathogenic, environmental infectious organism to a rare, multifaceted inflammatory complex. Dig Dis. 2015. 33(2):190-9.

Wilson Disease

Hepatolenticular Degeneration, Copper Storage Disease

Askari FK, Greenson J, Dick RD, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. XVIII. initial treatment of the hepatic decompensation presentation with trientine and zinc. J Lab Clin Med. 2003;142:385-390. Brewer GJ, Askari F, Lorincz MT, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: IV. comparison of tetrathiomolybdate and trientine in a double-blind study of treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:521-552

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)

Imai K, Morio T, Zhu Y, et al. Clinical course of patients with WASP gene mutations. Blood. 2004;103:456-464. Burns S, Cory GO, Vainchenker W, et al. Mechanisms of WASp-mediated hematologic and immunologic disease. Blood. 2004;104:3454-3462.

Yellow Fever Virus

Roukens AH, Visser LG. Yellow fever vaccine: past, present and future. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 Nov8(11):1787-95. Monath TP. Treatment of yellow fever. Antiviral Res. 2008 Apr. 78(1):116-24.

Zika Virus

ZIKV

Petersen E, Wilson ME, Touch S, McCloskey B, Mwaba P, Bates M, et al. Rapid Spread of Zika Virus in The Americas - Implications for Public Health Preparedness for Mass Gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games. Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 4. 44:11-15. Rabe IB, Staples JE, Villanueva J, Hummel KB, Johnson JA, Rose L, et al. Interim Guidance for Interpretation of Zika Virus Antibody Test Results. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jun 3. 65 (21):543-546

Zinc Deficiency

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

Prasad AS. Zinc deficiency. BMJ. 2003 Feb 22;326(7386):409-410 Haider BA, Bhutta ZA. The effect of therapeutic zinc supplementation among young children with selected infections: a review of the evidence. Food Nutr Bull. 2009 Mar;30(1 suppl):S41-559
 
 
 
Disclaimer: This information is intended to serve as a reference for health care professionals. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.